Completing the Building of a Moderately Prosperous Society in All Respects
At the outset of reform and opening up, Deng Xiaoping first used the term xiaokang to describe China's modernization, and he explicitly proposed "the building of a xiaokang society in China" ("the building of a moderately prosperous society in China") as its goal. Through the joint efforts of the entire Party and of all the people, this goal was realized at the end of the 20th century and the overall living standard of the people reached a xiaokang level. Proceeding from this foundation, the 16th CPC National Congress set a target of achieving a higher level of xiaokang within the first two decades of this century, one that would benefit over a billion people. The 17th CPC Congress then proposed a new goal of comprehensively building a xiaokang society, which the 18th CPC National Congress amplified and refined. To meet the new expectations of the people, it changed "comprehensively building a xiaokang society" to "comprehensively completing the building of a xiaokang society". The Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC National Congress drew up a master plan for this goal; it laid out the new targets and demands for doing so, and it issued a mobilization order for an all-out effort to this end. Success in achieving this goal by the year 2020 is a solemn promise made by the Party to the people and to history. It is the first of the "Two Centennial Goals" and an important milestone on the road to the renaissance of the Chinese people. Within the phrase, "xiaokang" refers to the level of development, while "comprehensively" refers to the balanced, coordinated and sustainable nature of such development. In completing the task, the most important and most difficult element will be to do so "comprehensively". China has already entered the decisive stage of this effort. The most daunting and most onerous work lies in the rural areas, particularly in impoverished areas. The most basic and most pressing task is to further unleash and develop the social forces of production.
全面建成小康社會
改革開放之初，鄧小平首先用“小康”來詮釋中國式現代化，明確提出到20世紀末“在中國建立一個小康社會”的奮斗目標。在全黨全國各族人民共同努力下，鄧小平提出的目標在20世紀末如期實現，人民生活總體上達到小康水平。在這個基礎上，黨的十六大提出本世紀頭20年全面建設惠及十幾億人口的更高水平的小康社會的目標；黨的十七大提出了全面建設小康社會的新要求；黨的十八大對全面建設小康社會目標進行了充實和完善，將“全面建設小康社會”調整為“全面建成小康社會”，順應了人民的新要求。黨的十八屆五中全會對全面建成小康社會進行了總體部署，提出了全面建成小康社會新的目標要求，發出了向全面建成小康社會目標沖刺的新的動員令。到2020年全面建成小康社會的奮斗目標，是黨向人民、向歷史作出的莊嚴承諾。這個宏偉目標，是“兩個一百年”奮斗目標的第一個百年奮斗目標，是中華民族偉大復興征程上的又一座重要里程碑。全面建成小康社會，“小康”講的是發展水平，“全面”講的是發展的平衡性、協調性、可持續性。全面建成小康社會，更重要、更難做到的是“全面”。當前，中國已經進入全面建成小康社會的決勝階段。全面建成小康社會，最艱巨最繁重的任務在農村、特別是在貧困地區，最根本最緊迫的任務還是進一步解放和發展社會生產力。
