Rectification to restore order
This was a task undertaken around the convention of the Third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee in December 1978. It was designed to end the disorder and errors of the Cultural Revolution and bring the work of the Party and the state back on track.
The rectification was conducted across the country following the Third Plenary Session, involving ideology, political guidelines, and organization. With respect to ideology, the CPC broke the fetters of dogmatism and the personality cult that had long prevailed, and reaffirmed the Marxist theory of seeking truth from facts. With respect to political guidelines, the CPC abandoned the erroneous principle of taking class struggle as the key, shifted the focus of the Party and the state to economic development, and made the historic decision to begin reform and opening up. With respect to the organization, the CPC insisted that every past wrong must be put right based on facts. It re-examined a great number of cases in which the charges were false or which were unjustly or incorrectly dealt with, and rehabilitated the individuals concerned. It executed sound policies on officials, and resolved a slew of problems carried over from the past. It also brought to the fore more revolutionary, younger, better educated and more professionally-competent officials to ensure a smooth succession from the older generation to the younger.
The policy of economic readjustment, restructuring, consolidation and improvement was carried out to gradually remedy chronic leftist errors.
The rectification freed the minds of the people and brought China economic growth, clean politics, a vigorous advance of education, a prosperous culture, and resurgence in science and technology.
撥亂反正
撥亂反正是黨的十一屆三中全會(huì)前后，中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨人糾正“文化大革命”的混亂和錯(cuò)誤，正本清源，使黨和國(guó)家的工作走上正軌的一項(xiàng)工作。黨的十一屆三中全會(huì)以后，這項(xiàng)工作全面展開(kāi)，它包括思想路線、政治路線、組織路線三個(gè)方面的撥亂反正。通過(guò)思想路線的撥亂反正，中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨堅(jiān)持沖破長(zhǎng)期存在的教條主義和個(gè)人崇拜的嚴(yán)重束縛，重新確立了馬克思主義的實(shí)事求是的思想路線。通過(guò)政治路線的撥亂反正，堅(jiān)決拋棄了“以階級(jí)斗爭(zhēng)為綱”的“左”的錯(cuò)誤方針，把黨和國(guó)家的工作中心轉(zhuǎn)移到經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)上來(lái)，作出實(shí)行改革開(kāi)放的歷史性決策。通過(guò)組織路線的撥亂反正，按照實(shí)事求是、有錯(cuò)必糾的方針，平反冤假錯(cuò)案，落實(shí)干部政策，解決了一些歷史遺留問(wèn)題，同時(shí)按照革命化、年輕化、知識(shí)化、專業(yè)化方針，實(shí)行新老交替，加強(qiáng)干部隊(duì)伍建設(shè)。在經(jīng)濟(jì)工作上，認(rèn)真貫徹執(zhí)行“調(diào)整、改革、整頓、提高”的八字方針，逐步清除經(jīng)濟(jì)工作中長(zhǎng)期存在的“左”的錯(cuò)誤。簡(jiǎn)言之，撥亂反正使中國(guó)迎來(lái)了思想的解放、經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展、政治的昌明、教育的勃興、文藝的繁榮、科學(xué)的春天。
