Deeper reform of the Party and state apparatus
Since the start of reform and opening up, Party organizations and state agencies have undergone continuous restructuring as part of the overall reform process. Party organizations have had four rounds of reform, introduced in 1982, 1988, 1993 and 1999. Agencies of the State Council have had seven rounds of reform, which took place in 1982, 1988, 1993, 1998, 2003, 2008 and 2013. As a result, there have been major changes in government functions to reflect the transition from a planned economy to a socialist market economy.
A decision and an action plan on deeper reform of the Party and state apparatus, unveiled by the 19th CPC Central Committee at its third plenary session in February 2018, represent the opening salvo in further reforming Party organizations and state agencies. This new round of reform aims to modernize and improve the national governance structure and capabilities, so as to ensure and strengthen the Party's leadership role in all aspects of national governance. It also helps rationalize the division of government responsibilities at both central and local levels to ensure better synergy between different levels of government.
The objective of this reform is to build a comprehensive, rational and efficient structure of Party and state institutions, consisting of a Party leadership framework that provides overall direction and coordination, a law-based governance system for the government with clearly defined responsibilities, and world-class armed forces. This structure will feature mechanisms that interact with and serve the public, and ensure coordinated action and synergy between the People's Congress, the government at all levels, the CPPCC committees, oversight bodies, courts, prosecutors' offices, businesses, public institutions, non-governmental organizations and other social actors, so as to improve overall national governance. We will pursue this reform while bearing in mind our first and second centennial goals.
This reform will proceed under the overall leadership of the Party, and be informed by a people-centered approach, with a focus on enhancing synergy and promoting the rule of law.
The process involves strengthening the mechanism that ensures the Party's leadership role in all aspects of national governance, and improving the government structure and the division of functions. It also entails reorganizing institutions across the Party, the government, the armed forces and society as a whole in an integrated manner, rationalizing local governance structure, and promoting law-based practices.
深化黨和國家機構改革
改革開放以來，黨和國家機構改革不斷推進，構成改革開放偉大實踐的重要內容。黨中央部門于1982年、1988年、1993年、1999年集中進行了4次改革，國務院機構于1982年、1988年、1993年、1998年、2003年、2008年、2013年集中進行了7次改革，實現了從計劃經濟條件下的機構職能體系向社會主義市場經濟條件下的機構職能體系的重大轉變。2018年2月，黨的十九屆三中全會審議通過了《中共中央關于深化黨和國家機構改革的決定》和《深化黨和國家機構改革方案》，正式拉開深化黨和國家機構改革的序幕。深化黨和國家機構改革是推進國家治理體系和治理能力現代化的一場深刻變革，目標是全面提高國家治理能力和治理水平，關鍵是確保黨的領導全覆蓋，確保黨的領導更加堅強有力，并提出要理順中央和地方職責關系，更好發(fā)揮中央和地方兩個積極性。
改革的目標是：構建系統(tǒng)完備、科學規(guī)范、運行高效的黨和國家機構職能體系，形成總攬全局、協調各方的黨的領導體系，職責明確、依法行政的政府治理體系，中國特色、世界一流的武裝力量體系，聯系廣泛、服務群眾的群團工作體系，推動人大、政府、政協、監(jiān)察機關、審判機關、檢察機關、人民團體、企事業(yè)單位、社會組織等在黨的統(tǒng)一領導下協調行動、增強合力，全面提高國家治理能力和治理水平。既要立足于實現第一個百年奮斗目標，又要著眼于實現第二個百年奮斗目標。
改革的原則是：堅持黨的全面領導，堅持以人民為中心，堅持優(yōu)化協同高效，堅持全面依法治國。
改革的主要內容是：完善堅持黨的全面領導的制度，優(yōu)化政府機構設置和職能配置，統(tǒng)籌黨政軍群機構改革，合理設置地方機構，推進機構編制法定化。
