Representing the fundamental core of China's political fabric, the system of people's congresses ensures that the people are the masters of the country. State power is exercised by the people through the National People's Congress (NPC) and local people's congresses. The preeminence of the NPC as the highest organ of state power is enshrined in China's Constitution. Heads of executive, judicial and procuratorial organs are elected or appointed by people's congresses, responsible to them and subject to their oversight. The decision-making on major public affairs is within the purview of people's congresses. The executive branch is responsible for implementing the laws, resolutions and decisions adopted by people's congresses. Courts and procuratorates exercise their respective judicial and procuratorial powers independently, free from the intervention of executive organs, social groups or individuals. The First Session of the First NPC, held in September 1954, marked the official establishment of the system of people's congresses nationwide.

人民代表大會制度

人民代表大會制度是中國人民當家作主的根本政治制度。人民通過全國人民代表大會和地方各級人民代表大會，行使國家權力。中國憲法規定：中華人民共和國全國人民代表大會是最高國家權力機關。在中國，國家行政機關、審判機關、檢察機關都由人民代表大會產生，對它負責，受它監督。國家的重大事項由人民代表大會決定。行政機關負責執行人民代表大會通過的法律、決議、決定。法院、檢察院依照法律規定分別獨立行使審判權、檢察權，不受行政機關、社會團體和個人的干涉。1954年9月，第一屆全國人民代表大會第一次會議的召開，標志著人民代表大會制度在全國范圍內正式建立。

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