The onset of the fall season not only brings changes in the weather but also alters the internal condition of our bodies. For instance, as we move into the autumn, our skin becomes much drier and darker in colour.

Since there is less moisture in the air, the skin can become very dry and dehydrated, as it fails to replenish the moisture that is exuded naturally into the air. In a sense, this can be compared to dead leaves falling from trees.

Though the sunshine in autumn seems weaker than in summer, the ultra-violet is actually much stronger and more harmful to our skin. By the fall, the keratin layer of skin has become thicker and more calloused in response to the skin's over-exposure to harmful ultra-violet rays from the hot sun of summer. Thus, as the weather cools, the skin becomes more vulnerable to ultra-violet rays.

The final factor is the reduction in the sebaceous gland and sebum secretion as a result of decreased metabolism, which is attributed to the cold wind. Circles under the eyes begin to look darker.

The combined effects of both weather and internal condition causes our facial complexion to start looking darker and rougher as we move into the autumn season. Our lips become dry and even chapped.

What, then, is the best way to handle the dry skin problem in autumn? 'Hydration?is the best solution. In order to replenish the skin's moisture content to its optimal level, people need to protect themselves against the dehydration of the entire body by drinking a sufficient quantity of water. Eating enough fruit, which is full of water and vitamins, or drinking flat soups are also good methods.

In addition, people are advised to apply basic skin care products appropriate for their skin type after washing their face or having a bath, to protect against dehydration.

By so doing, the skin will develop a fat layer allowing it to maintain the appropriate moisture balance.

Another alternative is to use humectants, which prevent water loss by attracting moisture. Another recommendation is that people consume vitamins along with fruits that replenish moisture. It is also critical to maintain a proper humidity level indoors by using humidifiers or hanging wet towels and clothes.

Facial exfoliates and skin-peeling products are also needed when eliminating outer layer cells to make the skin softer. After removing the dead cells, you need to soothe the irritated skin by applying moisturizers appropriate for your skin type.

People with dry skin are advised to apply oil moisturizers, while those with combination skin are better off using moisturizers with a high moisture content.

Don't wash your face repeatedly, for that can remove natural oils and makes the skin dryer and more coarse. Choose the proper cleaning cream for your skin type and use warm water. Once the water is over 38 degrees centigrade, the blood vessels will extend, leading to larger pores and wrinkles. The best water temperature is about 35 degrees centigrade.

Always take a lipstick with you and apply it whenever the lips are dry. Don't moisten lips with the tongue because lips become much drier after the saliva evaporates.

The last suggestion from skin care experts is to avoid smoking, smoky rooms and strong air conditioners. Stress, an irregular lifestyle and a lack of sleep can also result in dry skin.

(Shanghai Star October 11, 2002)