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The average life span of Chinese people has increased
by 36 years over the past fifty years, from 35 when New China was
founded to 71 years today.
Before 1949, people were severely affected by
epidemics and varieties of endemics due to the lack of medical care.
Diseases such as cholera, smallpox, diphtheria, typhoid and malaria
plagued the country and threatened many lives in the first half
of the century.
According to incomplete statistics, when the
People's Republic of China was just founded, there were 100,000
people infected by kala-azar, 600,000 by malaria and 1.7 million
suffering from tuberculosis in north China's Hebei province alone.
In the past 50 years, the nation has made great
achievements in building up its medicare system, featuring low cost,
wide coverage and high efficiency.
The mortality rate of women and infants has
decreased by a large scale and the health care system further improved.
The new-born mortality rate fell to 3.31 percent in 1997 from as
high as 20 percent in the 1950s, below the average level of the
world and the other developing countries. The rate of deaths for
pregnant woman also decreased to 63.6 out of every 100,000 from
the previous 1,500.
The number of medical facilities and institutions
amount to 310,000, from 3,670 in 1949, with the berth number increasing
to 3.15 million from 80,000. A health care and disease prevention
network was set up within the vast rural area which effectively
safeguarded the health of 900 million rural residents. From 1991
to 1998, investment in rural medical establishments totaled 14.6
billion yuan, and 71 percent of the facilities were completed.
Infectious diseases like smallpox and measles
have been wiped out in China and chincough, diphtheria and poliomyelitis
are under control. The incidence of contagious diseases dropped
to 0.1948 percent in 1998 from 3.2 percent in the 60s.
(People's Daily 12/12/2000)
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