印度邊防部隊在中印邊界錫金段越界進入中國領土的事實和中國的立場（全文）
Full text of facts and China's position concerning Indian border troops' crossing of China-India boundary
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| 8月2日，中國外交部發布了《印度邊防部隊在中印邊界錫金段越界進入中國領土的事實和中國的立場》政府立場文件。全文如下： | Chinese Foreign Ministry issued on Wednesday a document of the facts and China's position concerning the Indian border troops' crossing of China-India boundary in the Sikkim Sector into the Chinese territory. The following is the full text of the document: |
| 印度邊防部隊在中印邊界錫金段越界進入中國領土的事實和中國的立場 | The Facts and China's Position Concerning the Indian Border Troops' Crossing of the China-India Boundary in the Sikkim Sector into the Chinese Territory |
| 一 | I |
| 1. 洞朗地區位于中國西藏自治區亞東縣，西與印度錫金邦相鄰，南與不丹王國相接。1890年，中國和英國簽訂《中英會議藏印條約》，劃定了中國西藏地方和錫金之間的邊界。根據該條約規定，洞朗地區位于邊界線中國一側，是無可爭議的中國領土。長期以來，中國邊防部隊和牧民一直在該地區開展巡邏和放牧活動。目前，洞朗地區與錫金之間的邊界是中印邊界錫金段的一部分。 | 1. The Dong Lang area (Doklam) is located in Yadong county of the Tibet Autonomous Region of China. It borders India's Sikkim state on the west and the Kingdom of Bhutan on the south. In 1890, China and the UK signed the Convention Between Great Britain and China Relating to Sikkim and Tibet which delimited the boundary between the Tibet region of China and Sikkim. According to the Convention, the Dong Lang area, which is located on the Chinese side of the boundary, is indisputably Chinese territory. For long, China's border troops have been patrolling the area and Chinese herdsmen grazing livestock there. At present, the boundary between the Dong Lang area and Sikkim is a part of the China-India boundary in the Sikkim Sector. |
| 2. 2017年6月16日，中方在洞朗地區進行道路施工。6月18日，印度邊防部隊270余人攜帶武器，連同2臺推土機，在多卡拉山口越過錫金段邊界線100多米，進入中國境內阻撓中方的修路活動，引發局勢緊張。印度邊防部隊越界人數最多時達到400余人，連同2臺推土機和3頂帳篷，越界縱深達到180多米。截至7月底，印度邊防部隊仍有40多人和1臺推土機在中國領土上非法滯留。 | 2. On 16 June 2017, the Chinese side was building a road in the Dong Lang area. On 18 June, over 270 Indian border troops, carrying weapons and driving two bulldozers, crossed the boundary in the Sikkim Sector at the Duo Ka La (Doka La) pass and advanced more than 100 meters into the Chinese territory to obstruct the road building of the Chinese side, causing tension in the area. In addition to the two bulldozers, the trespassing Indian border troops, reaching as many as over 400 people at one point, have put up three tents and advanced over 180 meters into the Chinese territory. As of the end of July, there were still over 40 Indian border troops and one bulldozer illegally staying in the Chinese territory. |
| 3. 事件發生后，中國邊防部隊在現地采取了緊急應對措施。6月19日，中方通過外交途徑緊急向印方提出嚴正交涉，對印方非法越界行為予以強烈抗議和譴責，要求印方立即將越界的印度邊防部隊撤回到邊界線印度一側。中國外交部、國防部、中國駐印度使館在北京和新德里先后多次向印度提出嚴正交涉，強烈要求印度尊重中國的領土主權，立即撤回越界的邊防部隊。中國外交部、國防部發言人多次公開表態，說明事實真相，表明中方立場，并公布了印軍越界的地圖和現場照片（見附件1）。 | 3. After the outbreak of the incident, Chinese border troops took contingency response measures on the spot. On 19 June, the Chinese side made prompt and serious representations with the Indian side through diplomatic channels to strongly protest and condemn the illegal trespass by the Indian side and demand the immediate withdrawal of the trespassing Indian border troops back to the Indian side of the boundary.China's Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of National Defense and the Chinese Embassy in India made serious representations with India for multiple times in Beijing and New Delhi, strongly urging India to respect China's territorial sovereignty and immediately pull back its trespassing border troops. The spokespersons of the Chinese foreign and defense ministries spoke in public on various occasions, laid out the facts and truth, stated China's position and released a map and on-the-scene photos showing Indian troops' trespass (see Appendix I). |
| 二 | II |
| 4. 中印邊界錫金段已由1890年《中英會議藏印條約》（以下簡稱“1890年條約”，見附件2）劃定。該條約第一款規定：“藏、哲之界，以自布坦交界之支莫摯山起，至廓爾喀邊界止，分哲屬梯斯塔及近山南流諸小河，藏屬莫竹及近山北流諸小河，分水流之一帶山頂為界”（注：支莫摯山即今吉姆馬珍山）。此段邊界線走向條約敘述清晰準確,實地邊界線沿分水嶺而行，走向清晰可辨。 | 4. The China-India boundary in the Sikkim Sector has already been delimited by the 1890 Convention Between Great Britain and China Relating to Sikkim and Tibet (hereinafter referred to as the 1890 Convention, see Appendix II). Article I of this Convention stipulates that "The boundary of Sikkim and Tibet shall be the crest of the mountain range separating the waters flowing into the Sikkim Teesta and its affluents from the waters flowing into the Tibetan Mochu and northwards into other Rivers of Tibet. The line commences at Mount Gipmochi on the Bhutan frontier, and follows the above-mentioned water-parting to the point where it meets Nipal territory." (Mount Gipmochi is currently known as Mount Ji Mu Ma Zhen.) The Convention gives a clear and precise description of the alignment of the boundary in this sector. The actual boundary on the ground follows the watershed and its alignment is easily identifiable. |
| 5. 新中國成立和印度獨立后，兩國政府均繼承了1890年條約以及據此確定的中印邊界錫金段已定界，這反映在印度總理尼赫魯給中國總理周恩來的信件、印度駐華使館給中國外交部的照會、中印邊界問題特別代表會晤印方提交的文件中（見附件3）。長期以來，中印兩國按1890年條約確定的邊界線實施管轄，對于邊界線的具體走向沒有異議。邊界一經條約確定，即受國際法特別保護，不得侵犯。 | 5. After the founding of the People's Republic of China and the independence of India, the governments of both countries inherited the 1890 Convention and the delimited China-India boundary in the Sikkim Sector as established by the Convention. This is evidenced by Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru' s letters to Chinese Premier Chou En-lai, diplomatic notes from the Indian Embassy in China to the Chinese Foreign Ministry, and documents provided by the Indian side in the Special Representatives Talks on China-India Boundary Question (see Appendix III). Each of the two sides has for long exercised jurisdiction over its side of the boundary delimited by the 1890 Convention without any dispute over the specific alignment of the boundary. Once a boundary is established by a convention, it is under particular protection of international law and shall not be violated. |
| 6. 6月18日以來，印度邊防部隊非法越過中印錫金段邊界進入了中國領土，這是不容否認的事實。此次事件發生在邊界線清楚的已定界地區，與過去雙方邊防部隊在未定界地區發生的摩擦有著本質區別。印度邊防部隊越過既定邊界，侵犯了中國主權和領土完整，違反了1890年條約，違反了《聯合國憲章》，是對國際法基本原則和國際關系基本準則的粗暴踐踏，性質非常嚴重。 | 6. Since 18 June, the Indian border troops have illegally crossed the China-India boundary in the Sikkim Sector and entered the Chinese territory. This is an undeniable fact. The incident occurred in an area where there is a clear and delimited boundary. This makes it fundamentally different from past frictions between the border troops of the two sides in areas with delimited boundary. The Indian border troops' crossing of the already delimited boundary is a very serious incident, as it violates China's sovereignty and territorial integrity, contravenes the 1890 Convention and the UN Charter, and tramples grossly on the basic principles of international law and basic norms governing international relations. |
| 三 | III |
| 7. 事件發生以來，印度炮制種種“借口”為其非法行為辯護，有關說法在事實和法律上毫無根據，根本不能成立。 | 7. Since the incident broke out, India has invented various excuses to justify its illegal action, but its arguments have no factual or legal grounds at all and are simply untenable. |
| 8. 中印邊界錫金段已經劃定，洞朗地區是中國領土。中國在自己的領土上進行道路施工，目的是為了改善當地的交通，完全正當合法。中國修路活動沒有越過邊界線，而且提前通報了印度，最大限度體現了善意。印度邊防部隊公然越過雙方承認的邊界線，侵入中國領土，侵犯中國的領土主權。這才是真正企圖改變邊界現狀，也嚴重破壞了中印邊境地區的和平與安寧。 | 8. The China-India boundary in the Sikkim Sector has already been delimited, and the Dong Lang area is Chinese territory. China's road building on its own territory is aimed at improving local transportation, which is completely lawful and legitimate. China did not cross the boundary in its road building, and it notified India in advance in full reflection of China' s goodwill. The Indian border troops have flagrantly crossed the mutually-recognized boundary to intrude into the Chinese territory and violated China' s territorial sovereignty. This is indeed a real attempt to change the status quo of the boundary, and it has gravely undermined peace and tranquility of the China-India border area. |
| 9. 印度以中國修路活動帶來“嚴重安全風險”為自己的非法越界行為辯護。聯合國大會1974年12月14日通過的3314號決議規定，不得以任何理由，不論是政治性、經濟性、軍事性或其他性質理由，為一個國家的武裝部隊侵入或攻擊另一國家的領土作辯解。以所謂的“安全關切”為由越過已定邊界線進入鄰國領土，無論從事任何活動，都違反國際法基本原則和國際關系基本準則，都不會為任何一個主權國家所容忍，更不是中印兩個鄰國正常的相處之道。 | 9. India has cited "serious security implications" of China's road building as a justification for its illegal crossing of the boundary. According to UN General Assembly Resolution 3314 adopted on 14 December 1974, no consideration of whatsoever nature, whether political, economic, military or otherwise, may serve as a justification for the invasion or attack by the armed forces of a State of the territory of another State. To cross a delimited boundary and enter the territory of a neighboring country on the grounds of so-called "security concerns", for whatever activities, runs counter to the basic principles of international law and basic norms governing international relations. No such attempt will be tolerated by any sovereign State, still less should it be the normal way of conduct between China and India as two neighboring States. |
| 10. 長期以來，印軍在多卡拉山口及其附近地區的邊界線印度一側修建了道路等大量基礎設施，甚至在邊界線上修建碉堡等軍事設施。與此相反，中國在該段邊界線中國一側只進行了少量的基礎設施建設。近年來，印度邊防部隊還阻撓中國邊防部隊沿著邊界線正常巡邏執勤，并企圖越界修建軍事設施，中國邊防部隊對此多次提出抗議并依法拆除印軍越界設施。實際上，正是印度企圖不斷改變中印邊界錫金段現狀，對中國構成嚴重的安全威脅。 | 10. Over the years, Indian troops have constructed a large number of infrastructure facilities including roads at the Duo Ka La pass and its nearby areas on the Indian side of the boundary, and even built fortifications and other military installations on the boundary. China, on the contrary, has only had very little infrastructure built on its side of the boundary in the same sector. In recent years, Indian border troops have also obstructed the normal patrols along the boundary by Chinese border troops, and attempted to build military installations across the boundary. In response, Chinese border troops lodged repeated protests and took lawful actions to dismantle the facilities installed by the Indian military on the Chinese side of the boundary. The fact of the matter is it is India that has attempted time and again to change the status quo of the China-India boundary in the Sikkim Sector, which poses a grave security threat to China. |
| 11. 1890年條約已確定，中印邊界錫金段起自與不丹交界的吉姆馬珍山，這是中印邊界錫金段的東端點，也是中國、印度、不丹的三國交界點。此次印度邊防部隊越界的地點位于中印邊界錫金段的邊界線上,距離吉姆馬珍山約有2000多米之遠。此次事件與三國交界點問題并無關系。印度應尊重1890年條約及其確定的中印邊界錫金段東端點，無權單方面改變既定邊界線及其東端點，更不得以此為由侵犯中國的領土主權。 | 11. The 1890 Convention has made it abundantly clear that the China-India boundary in the Sikkim Sector commences at Mount Ji Mu Ma Zhen on the Bhutan frontier. Mount Ji Mu Ma Zhen is the eastern starting point of the China-India boundary in the Sikkim Sector and it is also the boundary tri-junction between China, India and Bhutan. The Indian border troops' trespass occurred at a place on the China-India boundary in the Sikkim Sector, which is more than 2,000 meters away from Mount Ji Mu Ma Zhen. Matters concerning the boundary tri-junction have nothing to do with this incident. India should respect the 1890 Convention and the eastern starting point of the China-India boundary in the Sikkim Sector as established by the Convention. It has no right to unilaterally alter the delimited boundary and its eastern starting point, still less should it violate China's territorial sovereignty on the basis of its untenable arguments. |
| 12. 邊界在國際法上具有穩定性和不可侵犯性。由1890年條約確定的中印邊界錫金段持續有效，為中印雙方一再確認。任何一方都須嚴格恪守，不得侵犯。中印雙方正在邊界問題特別代表會晤中探討在錫金段邊界實現解決邊界問題的“早期收獲”，這主要是考慮到錫金段邊界已由1890年條約劃定，且該條約由當時的中國和英國簽署，中印應該以中國和印度的名義簽訂新的邊界條約，以代替1890年條約。但這絲毫不影響中印邊界錫金段的既定邊界性質。 | 12. The stability and inviolability of boundaries is a fundamental principle enshrined in international law. The China-India boundary in the Sikkim Sector as delimited by the 1890 Convention has been continuously valid and repeatedly reaffirmed by both the Chinese and Indian sides. Either side shall strictly abide by the boundary which shall not be violated. The Chinese and Indian sides have been in discussion on making the boundary in the Sikkim Sector an "early harvest" in the settlement of the entire boundary question during the meetings between the Special Representatives on the China-India Boundary Question. This is mainly in view of the following considerations. The boundary in the Sikkim Sector has long been delimited by the 1890 Convention, which was signed between then China and Great Britain. China and India ought to sign a new boundary convention in their own names to replace the 1890 Convention. This, however, in no way alters the nature of the boundary in the Sikkim Sector as having already been delimited. |
| 13. 洞朗地區歷來屬于中國，一直在中國的有效管轄之下，不存在爭議。中國和不丹都是主權獨立國家，從上世紀80年代開始通過談判協商解決邊界問題，迄今已進行了24輪邊界會談，達成了廣泛共識。兩國雖未正式劃界，但雙方已對邊境地區實施了聯合勘察，對邊境地區的實際情況和邊界線走向存在基本共識。中不邊界問題是中、不兩國的事情，與印度無關。印度作為第三方，無權介入并阻撓中不邊界談判進程，更無權為不丹主張領土。印度以不丹為借口侵入中國領土，不僅侵犯了中國的領土主權，而且是對不丹主權和獨立的挑戰。中國和不丹是友好鄰邦，中國歷來尊重不丹的主權和獨立。在雙方的共同努力下，中不兩國邊境地區一直保持和平安寧。中國愿繼續同不丹一道，在不受外來干涉的情況下，通過談判協商解決兩國間的邊界問題。 | 13. The Dong Lang area has all along been part of China and under China's continuous and effective jurisdiction. There is no dispute in this regard. Since the 1980s, China and Bhutan, as two independent sovereign States, have been engaged in negotiations and consultations to resolve their boundary issue. The two sides have, so far, had 24 rounds of talks and reached broad consensus.Although the boundary is yet to be formally delimited, the two sides have conducted joint surveys in their border area and have basic consensus on the actual state of the border area and the alignment of their boundary. The China-Bhutan boundary issue is one between China and Bhutan. It has nothing to do with India. As a third party, India has no right to interfere in or impede the boundary talks between China and Bhutan, still less the right to make territorial claims on Bhutan's behalf. India's intrusion into the Chinese territory under the pretext of Bhutan has not only violated China's territorial sovereignty but also challenged Bhutan's sovereignty and independence. China and Bhutan are friendly neighbors. China has all along respected Bhutan's sovereignty and independence. Thanks to the joint efforts of both sides, the border area between China and Bhutan has always enjoyed peace and tranquility. China will continue to work with Bhutan to resolve the boundary issue between the two countries through negotiations and consultations in the absence of external interference. |
| 四 | IV |
| 14. 事件發生以來，中國本著最大善意，保持高度克制，努力通過外交渠道與印度溝通解決此次事件。但任何國家都不應低估中國政府和人民捍衛領土主權的決心。中國將采取一切必要措施維護自己的正當合法權益。此次事件發生在已定邊界線的中國一側，印度應立即無條件將越界的邊防部隊撤回邊界線印度一側，這是解決此次事件的前提和基礎。 | 14. Since the incident occurred, China has shown utmost goodwill and great restraint and sought to communicate with India through diplomatic channels to resolve the incident. But no country should ever underestimate the resolve of the Chinese government and people to defend China's territorial sovereignty. China will take all necessary measures to safeguard its legitimate and lawful rights and interests. The incident took place on the Chinese side of the delimited boundary. India should immediately and unconditionally withdraw its trespassing border troops back to the Indian side of the boundary. This is a prerequisite and basis for resolving the incident. |
| 15. 中印是兩個最大的發展中國家。中國政府一貫重視發展同印度的睦鄰友好關系，致力于維護兩國邊境地區的和平與安寧。中方敦促印度政府從兩國關系大局和兩國人民的福祉出發，恪守1890年條約及其確定的中印既定邊界，尊重中國的領土主權，遵守和平共處五項原則等國際法基本原則和國際關系基本準則，立即將越界的邊防部隊撤回邊界線印度一側，并徹底調查此次非法越界行為，盡快妥善解決此次事件，恢復兩國邊境地區的和平與安寧。這符合兩國的根本利益，也是本地區國家和國際社會的共同期待。 | 15. China and India are the world's largest developing countries. The Chinese government always values the growth of good-neighborly and friendly relations with India and is committed to maintaining peace and tranquility in the border area between the two countries. The Chinese side urges the Indian government to keep in mind the larger interest of bilateral relations and the well-being of the two peoples, abide by the 1890 Convention and the delimited China-India boundary established therein, respect China's territorial sovereignty, observe the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence and other basic principles of international law and basic norms governing international relations, immediately withdraw its trespassing border troops back to the Indian side of the boundary and conduct a thorough investigation into the illegal trespass so as to swiftly and appropriately resolve the incident and restore peace and tranquility to the border area between the two countries. This would serve the fundamental interests of both countries and go along with the shared expectations of countries in the region and the wider international community. |
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