《中國堅持通過談判解決中國與菲律賓在南海的有關爭議》白皮書
White Paper: China Adheres to the Position of Settling Through Negotiation the Relevant Disputes Between China and the Philippines in the South China Sea
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| 三、中菲已就解決南海有關爭議達成共識 | III. China and the Philippines Have Reached Consensus on Settling Their Relevant Disputes in the South China Sea |
| 73. 中國堅決捍衛(wèi)對南海諸島的主權(quán)，堅決反對菲律賓非法侵占中國島礁，堅決反對菲律賓依據(jù)單方面主張在中國管轄海域采取侵權(quán)行為。同時，從維護南海和平穩(wěn)定出發(fā)，中國保持高度克制，堅持和平解決中菲南海有關爭議，并為此作出不懈努力。中國就管控海上分歧以及推動海上務實合作等與菲律賓進行多次磋商，雙方就通過談判解決南海有關爭議，妥善管控有關分歧達成重要共識。 | 73. China firmly upholds its sovereignty over Nanhai Zhudao, resolutely opposes the Philippines' invasion and illegal occupation of China's islands and reefs, and resolutely opposes the unilateral acts taken by the Philippines on the pretext of enforcing its own claims to infringe China's rights and interests in waters under China's jurisdiction. Still, in the interest of sustaining peace and stability in the South China Sea, China has exercised great restraint, stayed committed to peacefully settling the disputes with the Philippines in the South China Sea, and made tireless efforts to this end. China has conducted consultations with the Philippines on managing maritime differences and promoting practical maritime cooperation, and the two sides have reached important consensus on settling through negotiation relevant disputes in the South China Sea and properly managing relevant disputes. |
| （一）通過談判解決南海有關爭議是中菲共識和承諾 | i. It is the consensus and commitment of China and the Philippines to settle through negotiation their relevant disputes in the South China Sea |
| 74. 中國一貫致力于在相互尊重主權(quán)和領土完整、互不侵犯、互不干涉內(nèi)政、平等互利、和平共處五項原則基礎上與各國發(fā)展友好關系。 | 74. China has dedicated itself to fostering friendly relations with all countries on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, namely, mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression, non-interference in each other's internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence. |
| 75. 1975年6月，中菲關系實現(xiàn)正?；?，兩國在有關公報中明確指出，兩國政府同意不訴諸武力，不以武力相威脅，和平解決所有爭端。 | 75. In June 1975, China and the Philippines normalized their relations, and in the joint communiqué for that purpose, the two governments agreed to settle all disputes by peaceful means without resorting to the threat or use of force. |
| 76. 實際上，中國在解決南海問題上的“擱置爭議，共同開發(fā)”倡議，首先是對菲律賓提出的。1986年6月，中國領導人鄧小平在會見菲律賓副總統(tǒng)薩爾瓦多·勞雷爾時，指出南沙群島屬于中國，同時針對有關分歧表示，“這個問題可以先擱置一下，先放一放。過幾年后，我們坐下來，平心靜氣地商討一個可為各方接受的方式。我們不會讓這個問題妨礙與菲律賓和其他國家的友好關系”。1988年4月，鄧小平在會見菲律賓總統(tǒng)科拉松·阿基諾時重申“對南沙群島問題，中國最有發(fā)言權(quán)。南沙歷史上就是中國領土，很長時間，國際上對此無異議”；“從兩國友好關系出發(fā)，這個問題可先擱置一下，采取共同開發(fā)的辦法”。此后，中國在處理南海有關爭議及同南海周邊國家發(fā)展雙邊關系問題上，一直貫徹了鄧小平關于“主權(quán)屬我，擱置爭議，共同開發(fā)”的思想。 | 76. In fact, China's initiative of "pursuing joint development while shelving disputes" regarding the South China Sea issue was first addressed to the Philippines. In a June 1986 meeting with Philippine Vice President Salvador Laurel, Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping pointed out that Nansha Qundao belongs to China, and when referring to the matter of differences, stated that, "This issue can be shelved for now. Several years later, we can sit down and work out a solution that is acceptable to all in a calm manner. We shall not let this issue stand in the way of our friendly relations with the Philippines and with other countries." In April 1988, when meeting with Philippine President Corazón Aquino, Deng Xiaoping reiterated that "with regard to the issue concerning Nansha Qundao, China has the biggest say. Nansha Qundao has been part of China's territory throughout history, and no one has ever expressed objection to this for quite some time"; and "For the sake of the friendship between our two countries, we can shelve the issue for now and pursue joint development". Since then, when handling the relevant South China Sea issue and developing bilateral ties with other littoral countries around the South China Sea, China has all along acted in keeping with Deng Xiaoping's idea: "sovereignty belongs to China, disputes can be shelved, and we can pursue joint development". |
| 77. 20世紀80年代以來，中國就通過談判管控和解決中菲南海有關爭議提出一系列主張和倡議，多次重申對南沙群島的主權(quán)、和平解決南海有關爭議的立場和“擱置爭議，共同開發(fā)”的倡議，明確表示反對外部勢力介入，反對南海問題國際化，強調(diào)不應使爭議影響兩國關系的發(fā)展。 | 77. Since the 1980s, China has put forward a series of proposals and initiatives for managing and settling through negotiation disputes with the Philippines in the South China Sea and reiterated repeatedly its sovereignty over Nansha Qundao, its position on peacefully settling the relevant disputes and its initiative of "pursuing joint development while shelving disputes". China has expressed its clear opposition to intervention by outside forces and attempts to multilateralize the South China Sea issue and emphasized that the relevant disputes should not affect bilateral relations. |
| 78. 1992年7月，在馬尼拉舉行的第25屆東盟外長會議發(fā)表《東盟關于南海問題的宣言》。中國表示，贊賞這一宣言所闡述的相關原則。中國一貫主張通過談判和平解決南沙群島部分島礁有關領土問題，反對訴諸武力，愿在條件成熟時同有關國家談判“擱置爭議，共同開發(fā)”。 | 78. In July 1992, the 25th ASEAN Foreign Ministers Meeting held in Manila adopted the ASEAN Declaration on the South China Sea. China expressed appreciation for relevant principles outlined in that Declaration. China stated that it has all along stood for peacefully settling through negotiation the territorial issues relating to part of Nansha Qundao and opposed the use of force, and is ready to enter into negotiation with countries concerned on implementing the principle of "pursuing joint development while shelving disputes" when conditions are ripe. |
| 79. 1995年8月，中菲共同發(fā)表的《中華人民共和國和菲律賓共和國關于南海問題和其他領域合作的磋商聯(lián)合聲明》表示，“爭議應由直接有關國家解決”；“雙方承諾循序漸進地進行合作，最終談判解決雙方爭議”。此后，中國和菲律賓通過一系列雙邊文件確認通過雙邊談判協(xié)商解決南海問題的有關共識，例如：1999年3月《中菲建立信任措施工作小組會議聯(lián)合公報》、2000年5月《中華人民共和國政府和菲律賓共和國政府關于21世紀雙邊合作框架的聯(lián)合聲明》等。 | 79. In August 1995, China and the Philippines issued the Joint Statement between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of the Philippines concerning Consultations on the South China Sea and on Other Areas of Cooperation in which they agreed that "[d]isputes shall be settled by the countries directly concerned" and that "a gradual and progressive process of cooperation shall be adopted with a view to eventually negotiating a settlement of the bilateral disputes." Subsequently, China and the Philippines reaffirmed their consensus on settling the South China Sea issue through bilateral negotiation and consultation in a number of bilateral documents, such as the March 1999 Joint Statement of the China-Philippines Experts Group Meeting on Confidence-Building Measures and the May 2000 Joint Statement between the Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Republic of the Philippines on the Framework of Bilateral Cooperation in the Twenty-First Century. |
| 80. 2002年11月，中國同東盟10國共同簽署《宣言》。各方在《宣言》中鄭重承諾：“根據(jù)公認的國際法原則，包括1982年《聯(lián)合國海洋法公約》，由直接有關的主權(quán)國家通過友好磋商和談判，以和平方式解決它們的領土和管轄權(quán)爭議，而不訴諸武力或以武力相威脅?！?/td> | 80. In November 2002, China and the ten ASEAN Member States signed the DOC in which the parties solemnly "undertake to resolve their territorial and jurisdictional disputes by peaceful means, without resorting to the threat or use of force, through friendly consultations and negotiations by sovereign states directly concerned, in accordance with universally recognized principles of international law, including the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea". |
| 81. 此后，中菲通過一系列雙邊文件確認各自在《宣言》中作出的鄭重承諾，例如：2004年9月《中華人民共和國政府和菲律賓共和國政府聯(lián)合新聞公報》、2011年9月《中華人民共和國和菲律賓共和國聯(lián)合聲明》等。 | 81. Afterwards, China and the Philippines reaffirmed this solemn commitment they had made in the DOC in a number of bilateral documents, such as the September 2004 Joint Press Statement between the Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Republic of the Philippines and the September 2011 Joint Statement between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of the Philippines. |
| 82. 上述中菲兩國各項雙邊文件以及《宣言》的相關規(guī)定，體現(xiàn)了中菲就解決南海有關爭議達成的以下共識和承諾：一是有關爭議應在直接有關的主權(quán)國家之間解決；二是有關爭議應在平等和相互尊重基礎上，通過談判協(xié)商和平解決；三是直接有關的主權(quán)國家根據(jù)公認的國際法原則，包括1982年《聯(lián)合國海洋法公約》，“最終談判解決雙方爭議”。 | 82. The relevant provisions in all the aforementioned bilateral instruments and the DOC embody the following consensus and commitment between China and the Philippines on settling the relevant disputes in the South China Sea: first, the relevant disputes shall be settled between sovereign states directly concerned; second, the relevant disputes shall be peacefully settled through negotiation and consultation on the basis of equality and mutual respect; and third, sovereign states directly concerned shall "eventually negotiat[e] a settlement of the bilateral disputes" in accordance with universally recognized principles of international law, including the 1982 UNCLOS. |
| 83. 中菲雙方多次重申通過談判解決有關爭議，并多次強調(diào)有關談判應由直接有關的主權(quán)國家開展，上述規(guī)定顯然已產(chǎn)生排除任何第三方爭端解決方式的效果。特別是1995年的聯(lián)合聲明規(guī)定“最終談判解決雙方爭議”，這里的“最終”一詞明顯是為了強調(diào)“談判”是雙方已選擇的唯一爭端解決方式，并排除包括第三方爭端解決程序在內(nèi)的任何其他方式。上述共識和承諾構(gòu)成兩國間排除通過第三方爭端解決方式解決中菲南海有關爭議的協(xié)議。這一協(xié)議必須遵守。 | 83. By repeatedly reaffirming negotiations as the means for settling relevant disputes, and by repeatedly emphasizing that negotiations be conducted by sovereign states directly concerned, the above-mentioned provisions obviously have produced the effect of excluding any means of third party settlement. In particular, the 1995 Joint Statement provides for "eventually negotiating a settlement of the bilateral disputes". The term "eventually" in this context clearly serves to emphasize that "negotiations" is the only means the parties have chosen for dispute settlement, to the exclusion of any other means including third party settlement procedures. The above consensus and commitment constitutes an agreement between the two states excluding third-party dispute settlement as a way to settle relevant disputes in the South China Sea between China and the Philippines. This agreement must be observed. |
| （二）妥善管控南海有關爭議是中菲之間的共識 | ii. It is the consensus of China and the Philippines to properly manage relevant disputes in the South China Sea |
| 84. 中國一貫主張，各方應通過制定規(guī)則、完善機制、務實合作、共同開發(fā)等方式管控爭議，為南海有關爭議的最終解決創(chuàng)造良好氛圍。 | 84. It is China's consistent position that, the relevant parties should establish and improve rules and mechanisms, and pursue practical cooperation and joint development, so as to manage disputes in the South China Sea, and to foster a good atmosphere for their final resolution. |
| 85. 自20世紀90年代以來，中菲就管控爭議達成一系列共識：一是在有關爭議問題上保持克制，不采取可能導致事態(tài)擴大化的行動；二是堅持通過雙邊磋商機制管控爭議；三是堅持推動海上務實合作和共同開發(fā)；四是不使有關爭議影響雙邊關系的健康發(fā)展和南海地區(qū)的和平與穩(wěn)定。 | 85. Since the 1990s, China and the Philippines have reached the following consensus on managing their disputes: first, they will exercise restraint in handling relevant disputes and refrain from taking actions that may lead to an escalation; second, they will stay committed to managing disputes through bilateral consultation mechanisms; third, they commit themselves to pursuing practical maritime cooperation and joint development; and fourth, the relevant disputes should not affect the healthy growth of bilateral relations and peace and stability in the South China Sea region. |
| 86. 中菲還在《宣言》中達成如下共識：保持自我克制，不采取使爭議復雜化、擴大化和影響和平與穩(wěn)定的行動；在和平解決領土和管轄權(quán)爭議前，本著合作與諒解的精神，努力尋求各種途徑建立互信；探討或開展在海洋環(huán)保、海洋科學研究、海上航行和交通安全、搜尋與救助、打擊跨國犯罪等方面的合作。 | 86. In the DOC, China and the Philippines also reached the following consensus: to exercise self-restraint in the conduct of activities that would complicate or escalate disputes and affect peace and stability; to intensify efforts, pending the peaceful settlement of territorial and jurisdictional disputes, to seek ways, in the spirit of cooperation and understanding, to build trust and confidence; and to explore or undertake cooperative activities including marine environmental protection, marine scientific research, safety of navigation and communication at sea, search and rescue operation and combating transnational crime. |
| 87. 中菲曾就管控分歧、開展海上務實合作取得積極進展。 | 87. China and the Philippines have made some progress in managing their differences and conducting practical maritime cooperation. |
| 88. 1999年3月，中國和菲律賓舉行關于在南海建立信任措施工作小組首次會議，雙方發(fā)表的《中菲建立信任措施工作小組會議聯(lián)合公報》指出，“雙方承諾根據(jù)廣泛接受的國際法原則包括聯(lián)合國海洋法公約，通過協(xié)商和平解決爭議，……雙方同意保持克制，不采取可能導致事態(tài)擴大化的行動?！?/td> | 88. During the first China-Philippines Experts Group Meeting on Confidence-Building Measures held in March 1999, the two sides issued a joint statement, pointing out that, "the two sides agreed that the dispute should be peacefully settled through consultation in accordance with the generally-accepted principles of international law including the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, [... and to] exercise self-restraint and not to take actions that might escalate the situation." |
| 89. 2001年4月，中菲發(fā)表的《第三次建立信任措施專家組會議聯(lián)合新聞聲明》指出，“雙方認識到兩國就探討南海合作方式所建立的雙邊磋商機制是富有成效的，雙方所達成的一系列諒解與共識對維護中菲關系的健康發(fā)展和南海地區(qū)的和平與穩(wěn)定發(fā)揮了建設性作用?！?/td> | 89. In the Joint Press Statement of the Third China-Philippines Experts Group Meeting on Confidence-Building Measures released in April 2001, it is stated that, "the two sides noted that the bilateral consultation mechanism to explore ways of cooperation in the South China Sea has been effective. The series of understanding and consensus reached by the two sides have played a constructive role in the maintenance of the sound development of China-Philippines relations and peace and stability of the South China Sea area." |
| 90. 2004年9月，在中國和菲律賓領導人的共同見證下，中國海洋石油總公司和菲律賓國家石油公司簽署《南中國海部分海域聯(lián)合海洋地震工作協(xié)議》。經(jīng)中菲雙方同意，2005年3月，中國、菲律賓、越南三國國家石油公司簽署《南中國海協(xié)議區(qū)三方聯(lián)合海洋地震工作協(xié)議》，商定三國的石油公司在三年協(xié)議期內(nèi)，在約14.3萬平方千米海域的協(xié)議區(qū)內(nèi)完成一定數(shù)量的二維和/或三維地震測線的采集和處理工作，對一定數(shù)量現(xiàn)有的二維地震測線進行再處理，研究評估協(xié)議區(qū)的石油資源狀況。2007年《中華人民共和國和菲律賓共和國聯(lián)合聲明》表示，“雙方認為，南海三方聯(lián)合海洋地震工作可以成為本地區(qū)合作的一個示范。雙方同意，可以探討將下一階段的三方合作提升到更高水平，以加強本地區(qū)建立互信的良好勢頭?！?/td> | 90. In September 2004, in the presence of the leaders of China and the Philippines, China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) and Philippine National Oil Company (PNOC) signed the Agreement for Joint Marine Seismic Undertaking in Certain Areas in the South China Sea. In March 2005, national oil companies from China, the Philippines and Vietnam signed, with the consent of both China and the Philippines, the Tripartite Agreement for Joint Marine Seismic Undertaking in the Agreement Area in the South China Sea. It was agreed that during an agreement term of three year-period, these oil companies should collect and process certain amount of 2D and/or 3D seismic lines in the agreement area covering about 143,000 square kilometers, re-process certain amount of existing 2D seismic lines, and study and assess the oil resources in the area. The 2007 Joint Statement of the People's Republic of China and the Republic of the Philippines states that, "both sides agree that the tripartite joint marine seismic undertaking in the South China Sea serves as a model for cooperation in the region. They agreed that possible next steps for cooperation among the three parties should be explored to bring collaboration to a higher level and increase the momentum of trust and confidence in the region." |
| 91. 令人遺憾的是，由于菲律賓方面缺乏合作意愿，中菲信任措施工作小組會議陷于停滯，中菲越三方聯(lián)合海洋地震考察工作也未能繼續(xù)。 | 91. Regrettably, due to the lack of willingness for cooperation from the Philippine side, the China-Philippines Experts Group Meeting on Confidence-Building Measures has stalled, and the China-Philippines-Vietnam tripartite marine seismic undertaking has failed to move forward. |
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