2015年美國的人權紀錄（全文）
Full text: Human Rights Record of the United States in 2015

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國務院新聞辦公室14日發表《2015年美國的人權紀錄》，回應美國政府發布的“國別人權報告”。全文如下：	The State Council Information Office of the People's Republic of China published a report titled "Human Rights Record of the United States in 2015" on Thursday. Following is the full text of the report:
2015年美國的人權紀錄中華人民共和國國務院新聞辦公室 2016年4月	Human Rights Record of the United States in 2015 State Council Information Office of the People's Republic of China April 2016
目錄	Contents
導言	Foreword
一、公民權利遭到肆意侵犯	I. Wanton Infringement on Civil Rights
二、政治權利無法得到應有保障	II. Political Rights Not Safeguarded
三、經濟和社會權利難以有效實現	III. Economic and Social Rights under Challenge
四、種族歧視變本加厲	IV. Racial Discrimination Worse Than Ever
五、婦女和兒童權利堪憂	V. Missing Rights for Women and Children
六、粗暴侵犯他國人權	VI. Gross Violations of Human Rights in Other Countries
導言	Foreword
美國國務院于當地時間4月13日發布《2015年國別人權報告》，再一次對世界各國人權狀況妄加置評，而對自身存在的嚴重人權問題卻三緘其口，毫無反思之意。2015年的美國人權，不僅舊的問題未得到解決，而且新的問題不斷滋生。既然美國政府不肯拿起鏡子照照自己，那么也只好由別人來幫助完成了。	On April 13 local time, the State Department of the United States released its country reports on human rights practices. It made comments on the human rights situation in many countries once again while being tight-lipped about its own terrible human rights record and showing not a bit of intention to reflect on it. In 2015, the United States saw no improvement in its existent human rights issues, but reported numerous new problems. Since the U.S. government refuses to hold up a mirror to look at itself, it has to be done with other people's help.
關于2015年美國的人權紀錄，以下事實是鑿鑿在冊的。	The following facts about the U.S. human rights situation in 2015 are supported by irrefutable records.
——美國槍支管理失控，公民生命權受到嚴重威脅。槍擊案件頻發，是2015年美國留給世人最深刻的印象。截至2015年12月28日，當年共發生槍擊事件51675起，造成13136人死亡、26493人受傷。	-- The use of guns was out of control in the United States, which severely threatened citizens' right of life. The frequent occurrence of shooting incidents was the deepest impression left to the world concerning the United States in 2015. There were a total of 51,675 gun violence incidents in the United States in 2015 as of December 28, leaving 13,136 killed and 26,493 injured.
——美國警察暴力執法，公民人身安全無法保障。截至2015年12月24日，警察當年共射殺965人，警方濫用權力的行為并未得到應有的追究。巴爾的摩暴發了“為弗雷迪伸張正義”的抗議活動，芝加哥市民為麥克唐納之死舉行了大規模游行，明尼阿波利斯市的民眾因賈馬爾·克拉克被警察槍殺而包圍警察局。	-- Citizens' personal security could not be guaranteed with the excessive use of violence by police. Police shot dead 965 people last year as of December 24, and the abuse of power by the police did not result in discipline. "Justice for Freddie" protests were staged in Baltimore, demonstrators in Chicago took to the street to demand justice in the death of Laquan MacDonald, and protesters in Minneapolis camped outside a police precinct after Jamar Clark was shot dead by police.
——美國監獄系統腐敗叢生，嚴重侵犯囚犯人權。佛羅里達州一所監獄的獄警將患有精神疾患的囚犯達倫·萊尼在淋浴間活活燙死。美國最大的女子監獄羅維爾監獄的獄警逼迫數百名女囚賣淫以換取基本的生活物資和保護，在過去十年間已有57名囚犯死在了該監獄。	-- The prison system in the United States was plagued by corruption and severely violated inmates' human rights. The guards in a prison in Florida scalded a mentally-ill inmate Darren Rainey to death in hot shower. The guards in Lowell Correctional Institution, the nation's largest women's prison, pressured hundreds of female inmates to barter sex for basic necessities and a shield from abuse, and 57 inmates have died in this prison over the past 10 years.
——美國金錢政治和家族政治大行其道，公民政治權利難以得到有效保障。企業和個人可以向超級政治行動委員會無限額捐款以影響美國大選，企業通過金錢影響政治并獲取巨額回報。有評論認為，美國的政治體系已被顛覆為向主要政治捐助者提供回報的工具。家族出身成為美國政治中的主導因素，少數家族和幕后利益集團用資金影響選舉。美國黨派之爭綁架民意，因為選舉利益導致民主黨與共和黨無法協調制定真正符合民意的政策。	-- Money politics and clan politics were prevailing and the political rights of the citizens were not safeguarded effectively. Companies and individuals were able to donate an unlimited size to super Political Action Committees (super PACs) to influence the presidential election. In this way, corporations could use money to sway politics and reap tremendous returns. There were comments that the political system of the United States had been subverted to be a tool that provided returns to major political donors. Family pedigree had become a primary factor for U.S. politics, with a few families and behind-the-scenes interest groups influencing the election using funds. The popular will was abducted by factionalism in the United States, because the interests involved in election made it unable for the Democratic Party and the Republican Party to coordinate on and work out policies that were in line with the popular will.
——美國社會問題嚴重，保障公民經濟和社會權利困難重重。2014年有4670萬人處于貧困狀態。每年至少有4810萬人缺乏食物保障。2015年有超過56萬人無家可歸。79%的美國人相信更多人會掉出而不是上升到中產階級行列。如今，美國仍有3300萬人沒有醫療保險，4400萬受雇于私人部門的勞動者無法享受帶薪病假的權利，占私人部門勞動者總數的40%。	-- The lingering problems in U.S. society posed challenges for the country to fulfill its duty of safeguarding the economic and social rights of U.S. citizens. In 2014, there were 46.7 million people in poverty in the United States. Every year, at least 48.1 million people were classed as "food insecure." In 2015, more than 560,000 people nationwide were homeless. Seventy-nine percent of Americans believed it was more common for people to fall out of the middle class than rise up to it. There were still 33 million people in the United States with no healthcare insurance, and 44 million private-sector workers, about 40 percent of the total, did not have access to paid sick leaves.
——美國種族矛盾尖銳，種族關系處于近20年來最差時期。61%的美國人認為美國的種族關系糟糕。執法司法領域是種族歧視的重災區。88%的非洲裔美國人相信自己受到警察不公正對待，68%的非洲裔美國人認為刑事司法體系存在種族歧視。非洲裔美國人擁有的財富僅為白人的十二分之一，拉美裔為十一分之一。有評論認為，對于許多非洲裔和拉美裔美國家庭而言，美國夢仍然遙不可及。	-- Racial conflict was severe in the United States, with race relations at their worst in nearly two decades. Sixty-one percent of Americans characterized race relations in the United States as "bad." Law enforcement and justice fields were heavily affected by racial discrimination, with 88 percent of African-Americans believing they were treated unfairly by police, and 68 percent of African-Americans believing the American criminal justice system was racially biased. Whites had 12 times the wealth of blacks and nearly 10 times more than Hispanics. It was said that the American Dream remained out of reach for many African-American and Hispanic families.
——美國婦女狀況不斷惡化，兒童成長環境堪憂。全職女性與全職男性2014年的年薪收入比為79∶100。過去十年內貧困婦女比例從12.1%上升至14.5%。國際勞工組織指出，美國是唯一沒有立法明確規定婦女帶薪產假的工業化國家。23%的大學本科女生遭受性騷擾或性侵犯。2015年每個月至少發生兩起校園槍擊案，幾乎每周都有兩個孩子遭受意外槍擊死亡，在美國15歲以上因傷死亡的青少年中有四分之一死于槍擊事件。約1740萬由單親媽媽撫養的兒童中45%生活在貧困線以下。約五分之一的兒童生活在食品保障不足的家庭。	-- The situation for American women was deteriorating and children were living in worrisome environment. In 2014, women in the United States were paid 79 cents for every dollar paid to men. The percentage of women in poverty increased from 12.1 percent to 14.5 percent over the past decade. The United Nations' International Labor Organization said that the United States was the only industrialized nation with no overall law for cash benefits provided to women during maternity leave. A total of 23 percent of undergraduate women said they were victims of non-consensual sexual contact. There were at least two school shootings a month in 2015 and almost two children were killed every week in unintentional shootings. About a quarter of the teenagers above 15 years old who died of injuries in the United States were killed in gun-related incidents. About 17.4 million children under the age of 18 were being raised without a father and 45 percent lived below the poverty line. About one fifth of all U.S. children lived in food-insecure households.
——美國仍在公然粗暴侵犯他國人權，視他國生命如草芥。美國在伊拉克和敘利亞的空襲行動炸死數千平民。美國在巴基斯坦和也門肆意開展無人機襲擊，造成數百平民死亡。美軍2015年10月3日對阿富汗昆都士“無國界醫生”組織醫院野蠻空襲，42人慘遭殺害。美國政府無視國際社會的強烈譴責，仍未關閉建立14年之久的關塔那摩監獄，至今仍有近100人在被任意拘留多年且未經審判的情況下繼續被羈押。	-- The United States still brazenly and brutally violated human rights in other countries, treating citizens from other countries like dirt. Air strikes launched by the United States in Iraq and Syria killed thousands of civilians. The United States also conducted drone attacks in Pakistan and Yemen indiscriminately, causing hundreds of civilian deaths. On October 3, 2015, the U.S. military bombed a hospital operated by "Doctors Without Borders" in the city of Kunduz in Afghanistan, in which 42 people were killed. Defying international condemnation, the United States still did not close the Guantanamo Bay detention camp, which had been running for 14 years and still locked up nearly 100 people who had been under arbitrary detention for years without trial.