《西藏發(fā)展道路的歷史選擇》白皮書
White Paper: Tibet's Path of Development Is Driven by an Irresistible Historical Tide

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五、中央政府對十四世達賴的政策	V. The Central Government's Policy Towards the 14th Dalai Lama
60多年前，中央政府從維護祖國統(tǒng)一和民族團結(jié)的大局出發(fā)，積極爭取十四世達賴的合作，實現(xiàn)西藏和平解放。1959年十四世達賴叛逃國外后，中央政府始終是仁至義盡、給予出路。然而，十四世達賴在這60多年里則一而再、再而三地作出了與中央政府和西藏人民的愿望背道而馳的選擇。	More than 60 years ago, for the sake of the unification of the country and national unity, the central government made positive efforts to seek the cooperation of the 14th Dalai Lama and achieve the peaceful liberation of Tibet. Since the 14th Dalai Lama fled abroad in 1959, the central government has all along exercised great restraint and done its best for best solutions. However, he has repeatedly made choices that run counter to the wishes of the central government and the people of Tibet.
——達賴喇嘛的歷史合法性源自中央政府，十四世達賴在西藏和平解放過程中，曾作過一些有益的事，但最終背離了自己的正確選擇	- The historical legitimacy of Dalai Lama came from the central government. The 14th Dalai Lama did make some contribution to the peaceful liberation of Tibet, but he subsequently deviated from his correct choice.
達賴喇嘛這個藏傳佛教格魯派大活佛的稱號及其歷史地位和影響與中央政府的封授密不可分。1653年，五世達賴應召進京朝見清朝順治皇帝，被冊封并授予金冊金印。從此達賴喇嘛的封號及其在西藏的政教地位得以確立。1793年，清朝頒布《欽定藏內(nèi)善后章程二十九條》，確立達賴喇嘛轉(zhuǎn)世的金瓶掣簽制度。1940年2月5日,國民政府頒布“府字第898號”令，批準青海省湟中縣祁家川5歲男童拉木登珠為第十三世達賴喇嘛轉(zhuǎn)世，并根據(jù)西藏地方政府免于金瓶掣簽的請求，特準繼任為第十四世達賴喇嘛，撥付坐床大典所需經(jīng)費四十萬元。2月22日，循歷史定制，中央政府代表吳忠信與熱振活佛一起主持了十四世達賴的坐床典禮。拉木登珠成為十四世達賴，其合法性來自中央政府關于達賴喇嘛制度的規(guī)定和國民政府的批準認可。	Dalai Lama is a leading incarnation in the hierarchy of the Gelug Sect of Tibetan Buddhism. Its historical status and influence have been closely associated with conferment by the central government. In 1653, the 5th Dalai Lama was summoned to an audience with Qing Emperor Shunzhi, who conferred on him the title of Dalai Lama and issued a gold imperial edict and gold seal to him, officially establishing the title and its political and religious status in Tibet. In 1793, the Qing government enacted the 29-article Authorized Regulations for the Better Government of Tibet. These regulations established the system of drawing lots from a golden urn in relation to the authenticity of the reincarnation of Dalai Lama. On February 5, 1940, the central government of the Republic of China (1912-1949) issued edict No. 898 to approve the status of the five-year-old boy Lhamo Thondup, born in Qijiachuan, Huangzhong County, Qinghai, as the incarnation of the 13th Dalai Lama and his enthronement as the 14th Dalai Lama, and give consent to the local government's request to waive the lot-drawing convention. The central government granted 400,000 yuan to cover his enthronement costs. On February 22, following established historical traditions, the central government representative Wu Zhongxin and the Tibetan Regent Reting Hutuktu presided over the enthronement ceremony of the 14th Dalai Lama. Lhamo Thondup's enthronement as the 14th Dalai Lama owed its legality to the central government's regulations on the Dalai Lama system, and approvement by the government of the Republic of China.
1949年中華人民共和國成立后，為爭取和平解放西藏，中央政府組織開展了大量的政治爭取工作。1950年11月，西藏地方政府主張親帝和分裂的攝政達扎·阿旺松饒被迫下臺，十四世達賴提前親政，新中國領導人對他表示祝賀。在中央政府民族平等政策與和平解放西藏方針的感召下，十四世達賴和西藏地方政府派出以阿沛·阿旺晉美為首席代表的代表團到北京談判。西藏實現(xiàn)和平解放后，中央人民政府駐藏代表帶著新中國領導人毛澤東寫的親筆信抵達中印邊境小城亞東，勸導在那里觀望形勢的十四世達賴返回拉薩。新中國領導人在信中指出：“這個協(xié)議是符合西藏民族和人民的利益，同時也符合于全中國各族人民的利益。從此西藏地方政府和西藏人民在偉大祖國大家庭中，在中央人民政府統(tǒng)一領導下，得以永遠擺脫帝國主義的羈絆和異族的壓迫，站起來，為西藏人民自己的事業(yè)而努力。我希望你領導的西藏地方政府認真實行關于和平解放西藏辦法的協(xié)議，盡力幫助人民解放軍和平開進西藏地區(qū)。”7月21日，十四世達賴啟程返回拉薩。10月24日，十四世達賴代表西藏地方政府公開聲明完全接受《十七條協(xié)議》。	After the People's Republic of China was founded in 1949, the central government invested extensive efforts to achieve the peaceful liberation of Tibet. In November 1950, the pro-imperialist separatist Regent Taktra Ngawang Sungrab was forced to resign. The 14th Dalai Lama assumed power and won congratulations from the leadership of New China. Inspired by the central government's policy of equality of all ethnic groups and the peaceful liberation of Tibet, the 14th Dalai Lama and the local government of Tibet sent a delegation led by Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme to Beijing for talks with the central government. After Tibet was peacefully liberated, the 14th Dalai Lama waited at Dromo in Tibet, near the Indian frontier, to see how events would proceed. A representative of the Central People's Government arrived with a letter written by Mao Zedong, leader of New China, which tried to persuade the Dalai Lama to return to Lhasa. Chairman Mao pointed out in his letter, "The Agreement is in the interests of the Tibetan ethnic group and its people as well as that of people of all other ethnic groups of China. Henceforth, the local government and people of Tibet, as part of the greater family of the motherland under the unified leadership of the Central People's Government, will forever break free from the shackles of imperialism and foreign oppression, and stand up to strive for the cause of the people in Tibet. I hope that the local government of Tibet, with you in charge, will seriously implement the Agreement on Measures for the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet and do its best to help the People's Liberation Army enter Tibet peacefully." On July 21, the 14th Dalai Lama left Dromo for Lhasa. On October 24, on behalf of the local government of Tibet, he made a public statement accepting in full the 17-Article Agreement.
——西藏和平解放后，中央政府尊重十四世達賴的固有地位，給予其崇高榮譽并積極爭取他為建設新中國作貢獻，但他當面一套，背后又是一套	- After the peaceful liberation of Tibet, the central government recognized the established status of the 14th Dalai Lama, treating him with great respect and encouraging him to contribute to the building of New China. However, he betrayed these efforts; his co-operation proved to be a pretence.
《十七條協(xié)議》規(guī)定：“達賴喇嘛的固有地位和職權，中央亦不予變更”。和平解放后，中央政府給予十四世達賴很高的政治待遇。1953年，十四世達賴當選為全國佛教協(xié)會名譽會長。1954年，十四世達賴參加中華人民共和國第一屆全國人民代表大會第一次會議，討論國家大事，擁護和贊成第一部憲法草案。十四世達賴在會上發(fā)言，充分肯定三年多來執(zhí)行《十七條協(xié)議》取得的成績，對民族區(qū)域自治的原則和規(guī)定表示熱烈擁護。他還說：“敵人造謠共產(chǎn)黨、人民政府毀滅宗教，現(xiàn)在這種謠言已經(jīng)完全破產(chǎn)了，西藏人民已經(jīng)切身地體會到在宗教信仰上是有自由的。”在這次會議上，十四世達賴當選為第一屆全國人大常委會副委員長，這是西藏地方領導人歷史上在中央政府擔任的最高職務。在北京期間，新中國領導人多次接見十四世達賴，與他談心。十四世達賴撰寫《毛主席頌》，歌頌新中國領導人毛澤東的豐功偉績。1956年，西藏自治區(qū)籌備委員會成立，十四世達賴擔任籌委會主任。他在籌備委員會成立大會上致辭時表示，《十七條協(xié)議》使西藏人民“充分享受到民族平等的一切權利，開始走上了自由幸福的光明大道”，“自治區(qū)籌委會的成立，不僅是適時的，而且是必要的”。在執(zhí)行《十七條協(xié)議》、人民解放軍進藏、十世班禪返藏、自治區(qū)籌委會成立等問題上，他一度做出了積極姿態(tài)。	The 17-Article Agreement stipulates, "The central authorities will not alter the established status, functions and powers of the Dalai Lama." After the peaceful liberation of Tibet, the central government recognized the political status of the 14th Dalai Lama and treated him with great respect. In 1953, he became the honorary president of the Buddhist Association of China. In 1954, he participated in the discussion on state affairs at the First Session of the First National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China and upheld the draft of the country's first Constitution. At the meeting, the 14th Dalai Lama spoke highly of the success achieved over the previous three years and more since the conclusion of the 17-Article Agreement and expressed strong support for the principles and rules of regional ethnic autonomy. He also said, "The enemy has been spreading the rumor that the Communist Party and the People's Government destroyed religions. This strategy has collapsed and the people of Tibet now enjoy religious freedom." At the session, the 14th Dalai Lama was elected by the meeting a vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the First National People's Congress, the highest central government position ever held by a local leader of Tibet. During his stay in Beijing, central government leaders held frank and genial talks with him on many occasions. The 14th Dalai Lama wrote the Ode to Chairman Mao to extol the great accomplishments of Mao Zedong. In 1956, the Preparatory Committee for the Tibet Autonomous Region was founded and chaired by the 14th Dalai Lama. In his speech at the inaugurating ceremony, he reaffirmed that the 17-Article Agreement "had enabled the Tibetan people to enjoy in full all rights of ethnic equality and to embark on a bright road of freedom and happiness," and hailed the founding of the Preparatory Committee as "timely and necessary." For a time, he showed a positive attitude towards the implementation of the 17-Article Agreement, the PLA's entry into Tibet, the 10th Panchen Erdeni's return to Tibet, and the founding of the Preparatory Committee.
然而，在分裂分子和帝國主義勢力的拉攏和支持下，十四世達賴罔顧作為佛教徒的基本戒律和倫理，辜負中央政府的期望，對中央政府陽奉陰違，暗中從事分裂國家活動。1959年，十四世達賴集團為抗拒廢除農(nóng)奴制的民主改革，撕毀《十七條協(xié)議》，發(fā)動全面武裝叛亂。對于十四世達賴的兩面派手法，中央政府早有洞察。新中國領導人毛澤東指出：“達賴要叛亂的陰謀從1955年由北京回去就開始了。1957年初他從印度回來，到1958年布置了兩年。”十四世達賴對自己陽奉陰違的做法直言不諱，他在1965年曾稱，在1951年至1959年的九年間，“一邊在口頭上說我們?yōu)槟芑氐阶鎳蠹彝ザ吲d，為能同祖國大家庭中的人民一道建設社會主義社會而高興之類的話的時候，在心中也隱藏著一句話”，“此話就是：西藏要自由獨立”。	However, through the machinations of separatists and imperialist forces, the 14th Dalai Lama turned away from the basic discipline and ethics of Buddhism and betrayed the hopes the central government had placed in him, secretly engaging in separatist activities while feigning loyalty to the central government in public. In 1959, he and his supporters tore up the 17-Article Agreement, rejected the democratic reform of abolishing serfdom, and instigated a full-scale armed rebellion. The central government had already begun to see through this double-dealing. As Chairman Mao Zedong pointed out, "The Dalai Lama's plans to launch a rebellion started just after his return from Beijing in 1955. He prepared this rebellion for two years - from early 1957, when he returned from India, to 1958." In 1965, the 14th Dalai Lama spoke publicly about his feigned compliance during the nine years from 1951 to 1959, "We paid lip service to being glad to return to the motherland and to working together to build a socialist society, while we kept an unspoken faith in our heart - 'Tibet wants freedom and independence'."
——發(fā)動武裝叛亂后，中央政府對十四世達賴仁至義盡，在一段時間內(nèi)仍采取耐心等待的態(tài)度，但他在背叛祖國的道路上越走越遠	- After the armed rebellion broke out, the central government showed extreme forbearance and waited for a time with an attitude of patience, but the 14th Dalai Lama went further and further down the road of dividing China.
西藏發(fā)生武裝叛亂后，中國人民解放軍在西藏各族人民的擁護和支持下，迅速平息了叛亂，同時開展了民主改革運動。對十四世達賴的叛逃，中央政府決定不加阻攔，并以其被劫持的說法，為其留有余地。同時，對他采取了耐心等待的態(tài)度，他的全國人大常委會副委員長職務一直保留到1964年。1959年10月，新中國領導人毛澤東在同印度共產(chǎn)黨代表團談話時說：“如果達賴贊成我們的主張，我們希望達賴回來。只要贊成兩條，第一，西藏是中國的一部分，第二，在西藏要進行民主改革和社會主義改革，他就可以回來。”	With the support and cooperation of people of all the ethnic groups in Tibet, the PLA quickly put down the armed rebellion and enforced democratic reform. The central government decided not to prevent the 14th Dalai Lama from fleeing abroad, even allowing him some leeway by announcing that he had been abducted. The central authorities adopted an attitude of patience, and preserved his position as a vice-chairman of the NPC Standing Committee until 1964. In his talks with a delegation from the Indian Communist Party in October 1959, Chairman Mao Zedong said, "We will welcome the Dalai Lama's return if he accepts our two propositions. One is that Tibet is part of China and the other is that he will carry out democratic and socialist reform in Tibet."
然而，叛逃后的十四世達賴在叛國途中即公開撕毀《十七條協(xié)議》，矢口否認其曾經(jīng)表示的愛國立場和作出的愛國承諾，公然與中央政府決裂，走上背叛國家和民族的道路。1959年6月，十四世達賴在印度穆索里發(fā)表聲明，聲稱“西藏實際上一向是獨立的”。1963年，十四世達賴在印度達蘭薩拉召開“西藏人民代表大會”，成立所謂“西藏流亡政府”，頒布所謂“憲法”，規(guī)定“由達賴任國家元首”，“大臣由達賴任命”，“政府的一切工作均由達賴同意方被認可”。	However, the 14th Dalai Lama publicly abandoned the 17-Article Agreement during his defection and flatly denied his previous patriotic stance and his promise of loyalty to China. He openly broke with the central government, taking a path of betraying the Chinese nation. In June 1959, he issued a statement in Mussoorie, India, claiming that Tibet had in fact been an independent country. In 1963, he convened a "people's congress of Tibet" in Dharamsala, India, which established the "Tibetan government in exile." A so-called "constitution" was promulgated, which states that "the Dalai Lama is the head of state," "the ministers shall be appointed by the Dalai Lama," and "no work of the government shall be approved without the consent of the Dalai Lama."
1964年12月17日，中國國務院第151次全體會議通過《關于撤消達賴職務的決定》，指出：“達賴在1959年發(fā)動叛國的反革命武裝叛亂，逃亡國外后，組織流亡偽政府，公布偽憲法，支持印度反動派對我國的侵略，并且積極組織和訓練逃往國外的殘余叛亂武裝騷擾祖國邊境。這一切證明他早已自絕于祖國和人民，是一個死心塌地為帝國主義和外國反動派作工具的叛國分子。”	On December 17, 1964, the 151st Plenary Meeting of the State Council adopted the Decision on the Removal of the Dalai Lama from His Official Positions, which stated, "After the Dalai Lama staged the treasonous armed rebellion in 1959, he fled abroad and organized a 'government-in-exile,' issued a bogus constitution, provided support for Indian aggression against Chinese territory, and engaged in the organization and training of remnants of Tibet's armed forces who had fled abroad with the object of attacking our borders. All this proves that he has alienated himself from the country and the people, and been reduced to a traitor working for imperialists and reactionaries abroad."
——中國改革開放后，中央政府為十四世達賴改正錯誤指明出路，提出了“愛國一家，愛國不分先后”的方針，但他始終圍繞“西藏獨立”兜圈子	- After the start of reform and opening up, the central government offered the 14th Dalai Lama an opportunity to repent his way by adopting the policy that "all patriots belong to one big family, whether they embrace patriotism earlier or later." But he chose to maintain his support for "Tibetan independence."
愛國是中央政府對十四世達賴和海外藏胞提出的一個基本要求。為增進十四世達賴和海外藏胞對祖國建設成就的了解，從1979年8月到1980年9月，中央政府有關部門接待了十四世達賴先后派出的三批參觀團和兩批親屬回國參觀。十四世達賴在國外的大部分親屬曾回國參觀、探親。令人遺憾的是，十四世達賴非但沒有接受中央的善意和提供的寶貴機遇，反而頑固堅持“藏獨”立場，變本加厲地進行分裂破壞活動，喪失了與中央政府和解的時機。十四世達賴派出的回國參觀團利用中央政府“來去自由”政策，四處鼓吹“西藏獨立”，煽動民族仇恨，非法干擾和破壞社會正常的生產(chǎn)生活秩序。	Patriotism is a basic requirement of the central government raised on the 14th Dalai Lama and other overseas Tibetans. From August 1979 to September 1980, the relevant central government departments received three visiting delegations and two groups of relatives sent by the Dalai Lama. Most of the Dalai Lama's kin residing abroad have made return visits to China. Regretfully, the Dalai Lama did not draw on the goodwill of the central government. Instead, he stubbornly stuck to his stance and further intensified his separatist activities, wasting the valuable opportunity the central government had provided for reconciliation. In fact, the visiting groups sent by the Dalai Lama took advantage of the central government's policy of free movement in and out of the country to circulate and advocate independence, inciting hatred among ethnic groups, and disturbing and disrupting the social order.
從1979年開始，中央政府應十四世達賴方面的請求，開始不定期地與十四世達賴的私人代表進行接觸商談。1979年2月，中國領導人鄧小平在接見十四世達賴的二哥嘉樂頓珠時就達賴回國問題指出，“西藏是中國的一部分，他們回國只能作為內(nèi)部問題來談，不能作為國家與國家對話，這是根本問題”。“只要達賴公開承認西藏是中國的一部分，就可以與中央對話，愛國不分先后。根本問題是西藏是中國的一部分，對與不對，要用這個標準來判斷”。	Responding to a request from the 14th Dalai Lama, in 1979 the central government began to conduct talks with his private representatives on an irregular basis. In February 1979, in his meeting with Dalai Lama's elder brother Gyalo Thondup, Deng Xiaoping spoke about a possible return to China: "As Tibet is part of China, the discussion on their return is a domestic affair rather than a negotiation between countries. This is the fundamental principle... The central government is willing to talk with the Dalai Lama as long as he openly admits that Tibet is part of China. Anyone is welcome, whether he embraces patriotism earlier or later. Essentially Tibet is part of China. This is the criterion for judging right or wrong."
1989年后，隨著蘇聯(lián)、東歐形勢發(fā)生劇變，十四世達賴錯誤地估計形勢，宣稱“西藏獨立的日子即將來臨”，聲稱“不和一個即將垮臺的政權談判”。1989年十世班禪大師圓寂后，經(jīng)中央政府同意，中國佛教協(xié)會邀請達賴回國參加班禪大師的追悼活動。十四世達賴拒絕了這次邀請。1993年，十四世達賴單方面宣布中斷與中央政府的接觸。1995年，十四世達賴公然否定歷史定制和宗教儀軌，認定其所謂的十世班禪轉(zhuǎn)世靈童。	Following the drastic changes in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe in 1989, the 14th Dalai Lama misread the situation and declared, "The time for Tibetan independence is coming," and committed "not to negotiate with a collapsing regime." In 1989, the 10th Panchen Erdeni passed away. With the approval of the central government, the Buddhist Association of China invited the Dalai Lama to attend the Panchen Erdeni's memorial ceremonies. But, he rejected the invitation. In 1993, he unilaterally decided to break off contact with the central government. In 1995, in defiance of the historical traditions and religious rites, he announced the so-called reincarnation of the 10th Panchen Erdeni.
即使如此，中央政府仍然向十四世達賴指明出路。1997年，中央政府指出：“只要達賴真正放棄分裂祖國的立場，停止分裂祖國的活動，公開承認西藏是中國不可分割的一部分，承認臺灣是中國不可分割的一部分，承認中華人民共和國政府是代表全中國的唯一合法政府，就可以與達賴喇嘛就其個人前途問題進行接觸商談。”迄今為止，中央仍堅持這一基本原則。2003年，中央再次指出：在西藏要堅持中國共產(chǎn)黨的領導，堅持社會主義制度，堅持民族區(qū)域自治制度。“三個堅持”是中國憲法明確規(guī)定的，是西藏最大的政治現(xiàn)實，也是接觸商談的根本政治原則。中央一再強調(diào)，接觸商談的兩個基本點是：第一，接觸的對象只能是達賴喇嘛的私人代表。“流亡政府”，不管名稱如何變化，由誰掌管，都只是一個背叛祖國的分裂主義政治集團，代表不了西藏人民，沒有任何合法性，沒有任何同中央“對話”的資格。第二，接談的內(nèi)容只能是達賴喇嘛的個人前途問題，至多加上他身邊個別人前途問題，也就是達賴喇嘛如何徹底放棄分裂主義主張和行為，爭取中央和全國人民諒解，以解決其余生怎么辦的問題，西藏的政治地位和政治制度是中國憲法和法律規(guī)定的，根本不可能討論什么“西藏問題”、“高度自治”問題。	Nevertheless, the central government continued to offer solutions. In 1997, the central authorities stated, "The central government is willing to contact and negotiate with the 14th Dalai Lama over his own future as long as he genuinely abandons separatism and any activities likely to divide the country, and openly admits that Tibet and Taiwan are inalienable parts of China and that the government of the People's Republic of China is the only legitimate government representing China." The central government has continued to follow these basic principles to this day. In 2003, the central government made it clear that the leadership of the Communist Party, the socialist road and the system of regional ethnic autonomy should be upheld in Tibet. These are stipulated in the Constitution and are the paramount political facts in Tibet as well as the fundamental principles for contact and negotiation. The central government emphasized two premises for contact and negotiation. One is that the central government will only talk with private representatives of the Dalai Lama. No matter what it is called or who is in charge, the "government in exile" is essentially a separatist political group, cannot represent the people of Tibet, and does not have the legitimacy or qualifications to engage in talks with the central government. The other is that the talks are aimed at discussing the future of the Dalai Lama and some of his followers at most. To be specific, any negotiations will be limited to seeking solutions for the Dalai Lama to completely abandon separatist claims and activities and gain the forgiveness of the central government and the Chinese people, and to working out what he will do with the rest of his life. As the political status and system of Tibet is stipulated by the Chinese Constitution and laws, the "Tibet issue" and "a high degree of autonomy" are not up for discussion.
從1979年至2002年，中央政府13次接待十四世達賴的私人代表，2002年至2010年1月，又10次同意他們回國。然而，十四世達賴屢屢辜負中央期望，不但始終堅持“中間道路”那一套違反中國憲法、實質(zhì)分裂祖國的主張，而且策劃制造了暴力干擾北京奧運會、拉薩“3·14”事件和自焚事件等破壞活動。2011年，十四世達賴宣布政治“退休”，與中央政府接觸的私人代表不久也宣布辭職。此后，十四世達賴集團公然宣稱以所謂“政府”名義與中央政府進行談判，公然破壞接觸商談基礎，造成接觸商談無法進行。	The central government received 13 visits by private representatives of the 14th Dalai Lama between 1979 and 2002, and ten visits from 2002 to January 2010. To the disappointment of the central government, the Dalai Lama has remained committed to his "middle way," which runs counter to the Constitution and aims at splitting the country. Moreover, he has planned and instigated activities of sabotage, including violent disturbance during the Beijing Olympic Games, violence in Lhasa on March 14, 2008, and incidents of self-immolation. In 2011, the Dalai Lama announced his "political retirement," followed shortly by the announcement of "resignation" by his private representatives who had kept contact with the central government. Since then, the Dalai group has declared that it would only talk with the central government in the name of the "government-in-exile," thereby destroying any basis for contacts and negotiation, which have now been halted.
30多年來，十四世達賴集團根據(jù)國內(nèi)外形勢的變化，不斷改變、調(diào)整策略，幾次擅自終止與中央的接觸商談。當他們認為國內(nèi)外形勢對其不利時，就要求與中央進行接觸；當他們認為國內(nèi)外形勢對其有利時，就中止與中央的接觸。即使是在接觸的過程中，他們也始終圍繞“西藏獨立”兜圈子，始終沒有停止在國內(nèi)外的分裂祖國活動。	Over the past 30 years and more, the Dalai Lama and his supporters have adjusted and altered their strategies along with changes in the national and international situation. They have unilaterally broken off contacts and negotiation with the central government on several occasions. When they thought the situation was working to their disadvantage, they would call for contacts with the central government; when they thought the situation was in their favor, they would break off these contacts. None of the negotiations were conducted in good faith - it was always the intention of the Dalai Lama and his supporters to divide China and achieve independence for Tibet.
中國共產(chǎn)黨第十八次全國代表大會以來，以習近平同志為總書記的黨中央再次重申，“中央對十四世達賴本人的政策是一貫的、明確的，達賴只有公開聲明西藏自古以來就是中國不可分割的一部分，放棄‘西藏獨立’的立場，停止分裂祖國的活動，才談得上改善與中央的關系。”中央政府希望十四世達賴喇嘛在有生之年能夠丟掉幻想，正視現(xiàn)實，改正錯誤，選擇客觀理性道路，為流亡海外的藏族同胞做些有益的事。	Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the central leadership led by President Xi Jinping has reiterated, "The central government has followed a clear and consistent policy towards the 14th Dalai Lama. Only when he makes a public statement acknowledging that Tibet has been an integral part of China since antiquity, and abandons his stance on independence and his attempts to divide China, can he improve his relationship with the central government in any real sense." The central government hopes that the Dalai Lama will put aside his illusions in his remaining years and face up to reality, adapt his position, choose the objective and rational path, and do something of benefit to overseas Tibetan compatriots in exile.
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