中美氣候變化聯(lián)合聲明（全文）
Full text: China-US Joint Announcement on Climate Change

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中美氣候變化聯(lián)合聲明 2014年11月12日于中國北京	China-US Joint Announcement on Climate Change Beijing, China, 12 November 2014
一、中華人民共和國和美利堅(jiān)合眾國在應(yīng)對全球氣候變化這一人類面臨的最大威脅上具有重要作用。該挑戰(zhàn)的嚴(yán)重性需要中美雙方為了共同利益建設(shè)性地一起努力。	1. The People's Republic of China and the United States of America have a critical role to play in combating global climate change, one of the greatest threats facing humanity. The seriousness of the challenge calls upon the two sides to work constructively together for the common good.
二、為此，中國國家主席習(xí)近平和美國總統(tǒng)巴拉克·奧巴馬重申加強(qiáng)氣候變化雙邊合作的重要性，并將攜手與其他國家一道努力，以便在2015年聯(lián)合國巴黎氣候大會上達(dá)成在公約下適用于所有締約方的一項(xiàng)議定書、其他法律文書或具有法律效力的議定成果。雙方致力于達(dá)成富有雄心的2015年協(xié)議，體現(xiàn)共同但有區(qū)別的責(zé)任和各自能力原則，考慮到各國不同國情。	2. To this end, President Xi Jinping and President Barack Obama reaffirmed the importance of strengthening bilateral cooperation on climate change and will work together, and with other countries, to adopt a protocol, another legal instrument or an agreed outcome with legal force under the Convention applicable to all Parties at the United Nations Climate Conference in Paris in 2015. They are committed to reaching an ambitious 2015 agreement that reflects the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities, in light of different national circumstances.
三、今天，中美兩國元首宣布了兩國各自2020年后應(yīng)對氣候變化行動，認(rèn)識到這些行動是向低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型長期努力的組成部分并考慮到2℃全球溫升目標(biāo)。美國計(jì)劃于2025年實(shí)現(xiàn)在2005年基礎(chǔ)上減排26%－28%的全經(jīng)濟(jì)范圍減排目標(biāo)并將努力減排28%。中國計(jì)劃2030年左右二氧化碳排放達(dá)到峰值且將努力早日達(dá)峰，并計(jì)劃到2030年非化石能源占一次能源消費(fèi)比重提高到20%左右。雙方均計(jì)劃繼續(xù)努力并隨時(shí)間而提高力度。	3. Today, the Presidents of China and the United States announced their respective post-2020 actions on climate change, recognizing that these actions are part of the longer range effort to transition to low-carbon economies, mindful of the global temperature goal of 2℃. The United States intends to achieve an economy-wide target of reducing its emissions by 26%-28% below its 2005 level in 2025 and to make best efforts to reduce its emissions by 28%. China intends to achieve the peaking of CO2 emissions around 2030 and to make best efforts to peak early and intends to increase the share of non-fossil fuels in primary energy consumption to around 20% by 2030. Both sides intend to continue to work to increase ambition over time.
四、中美兩國希望，現(xiàn)在宣布上述目標(biāo)能夠?yàn)槿驓夂蛘勁凶⑷雱恿Γ悠渌麌乙惨坏辣M快并最好是2015年第一季度提出有力度的行動目標(biāo)。兩國元首決定來年緊密合作，解決妨礙巴黎會議達(dá)成一項(xiàng)成功的全球氣候協(xié)議的重大問題。	4. China and the United States hope that by announcing these targets now, they can inject momentum into the global climate negotiations and inspire other countries to join in coming forward with ambitious actions as soon as possible, preferably by the first quarter of 2015. The two Presidents resolved to work closely together over the next year to address major impediments to reaching a successful global climate agreement in Paris.
五、全球科學(xué)界明確提出，人類活動已在改變世界氣候系統(tǒng)。日益加速的氣候變化已經(jīng)造成嚴(yán)重影響。更高的溫度和極端天氣事件正在損害糧食生產(chǎn)，日益升高的海平面和更具破壞性的風(fēng)暴使我們沿海城市面臨的危險(xiǎn)加劇，并且氣候變化的影響已在對包括中美兩國在內(nèi)的世界經(jīng)濟(jì)造成危害。這些情況迫切需要強(qiáng)化行動以應(yīng)對氣候挑戰(zhàn)。	5. The global scientific community has made clear that human activity is already changing the world's climate system. Accelerating climate change has caused serious impacts. Higher temperatures and extreme weather events are damaging food production, rising sea levels and more damaging storms are putting our coastal cities increasingly at risk and the impacts of climate change are already harming economies around the world, including those of China and the United States. These developments urgently require enhanced actions to tackle the challenge.
六、與此同時(shí)，經(jīng)濟(jì)證據(jù)日益表明現(xiàn)在采取應(yīng)對氣候變化的智慧行動可以推動創(chuàng)新、提高經(jīng)濟(jì)增長并帶來諸如可持續(xù)發(fā)展、增強(qiáng)能源安全、改善公共健康和提高生活質(zhì)量等廣泛效益。應(yīng)對氣候變化同時(shí)也將增強(qiáng)國家安全和國際安全。	6. At the same time, economic evidence makes increasingly clear that smart action on climate change now can drive innovation, strengthen economic growth and bring broad benefits – from sustainable development to increased energy security, improved public health and a better quality of life. Tackling climate change will also strengthen national and international security.
七、技術(shù)創(chuàng)新對于降低當(dāng)前減排技術(shù)成本至關(guān)重要，這將帶動新的零碳和低碳技術(shù)發(fā)明和推廣，并增強(qiáng)各國減排的能力。中國和美國是世界上兩個(gè)最大的清潔能源投資國，并已建立了成熟的能源技術(shù)合作計(jì)劃。除其他外，雙方還開展了如下工作：	7. Technological innovation is essential for reducing the cost of current mitigation technologies, leading to the invention and dissemination of new zero and low-carbon technologies and enhancing the capacity of countries to reduce their emissions. China and the United States are two of the world’s largest investors in clean energy and already have a robust program of energy technology cooperation. The two sides have, among other things:
——建立了中美氣候變化工作組（氣候變化工作組），并在此工作組下啟動了關(guān)于汽車、智能電網(wǎng)、碳捕集利用和封存、能效、溫室氣體數(shù)據(jù)管理、林業(yè)和工業(yè)鍋爐的行動倡議；	established the China-U.S. Climate Change Working Group (CCWG), under which they have launched action initiatives on vehicles, smart grids, carbon capture, utilization and storage, energy efficiency, greenhouse gas data management, forests and industrial boilers;
——同意就全球削減氫氟碳化物這種強(qiáng)效溫室氣體攜手合作；	agreed to work together towards the global phase down of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), very potent greenhouse gases; ?
——成立了中美清潔能源研究中心，促進(jìn)雙方在碳捕集和封存技術(shù)、建筑能效和清潔汽車方面的合作；	created the China-U.S. Clean Energy Research Center, which facilitates collaborative work in carbon capture and storage technologies, energy efficiency in buildings, and clean vehicles; and
——同意在二十國集團(tuán)下就低效化石能源補(bǔ)貼進(jìn)行聯(lián)合同行審議。	agreed on a joint peer review of inefficient fossil fuel subsidies under the G-20.
八、雙方計(jì)劃繼續(xù)加強(qiáng)政策對話和務(wù)實(shí)合作，包括在先進(jìn)煤炭技術(shù)、核能、頁巖氣和可再生能源方面的合作，這將有助于兩國優(yōu)化能源結(jié)構(gòu)并減少包括產(chǎn)生自煤炭的排放。為進(jìn)一步支持落實(shí)兩國富有雄心的氣候目標(biāo)，雙方于今天宣布了通過現(xiàn)有途徑特別是中美氣候變化工作組、中美清潔能源研究中心和中美戰(zhàn)略與經(jīng)濟(jì)對話加強(qiáng)和擴(kuò)大兩國合作的進(jìn)一步措施。這些措施包括：	8. The two sides intend to continue strengthening their policy dialogue and practical cooperation, including cooperation on advanced coal technologies, nuclear energy, shale gas and renewable energy, which will help optimize the energy mix and reduce emissions, including from coal, in both countries. To further support achieving their ambitious climate goals, today the two sides announced additional measures to strengthen and expand their cooperation, using the existing vehicles, in particular the China-U.S. Climate Change Working Group, the China-U.S. Clean Energy Research Center and the China-U.S. Strategic and Economic Dialogue. These include:
——擴(kuò)大清潔能源聯(lián)合研發(fā)：繼續(xù)支持中美清潔能源研究中心，包括繼續(xù)為建筑能效、清潔汽車和先進(jìn)煤炭技術(shù)等三大現(xiàn)有研究領(lǐng)域提供資金支持，并開辟關(guān)于能源與水相聯(lián)系的新研究領(lǐng)域；	Expanding Joint Clean Energy Research and Development: A renewed commitment to the China-U.S. Clean Energy Research Center, including continued funding for three existing tracks on building efficiency, clean vehicles and advanced coal technology and launching a new track on the energy-water nexus; ?
——推進(jìn)碳捕集、利用和封存重大示范：經(jīng)由中美兩國主導(dǎo)的公私聯(lián)營體在中國建立一個(gè)重大碳捕集新項(xiàng)目，以深入研究和監(jiān)測利用工業(yè)排放二氧化碳進(jìn)行碳封存，并就向深鹽水層注入二氧化碳以獲得淡水的提高采水率新試驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行合作；	Advancing Major Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage Demonstrations: Establishment of a major new carbon storage project based in China through an international public-private consortium led by China and the United States to intensively study and monitor carbon storage using industrial CO2 and also work together on a new Enhanced Water Recovery (EWR) pilot project to produce fresh water from CO2 injection into deep saline aquifers;
——加強(qiáng)關(guān)于氫氟碳化物的合作：以習(xí)主席與奧巴馬總統(tǒng)在安納伯格莊園就氫氟碳化物這種強(qiáng)效溫室氣體達(dá)成的歷史性共識為基礎(chǔ)，兩國將在開始削減具有高全球增溫潛勢的氫氟碳化物方面加強(qiáng)雙邊合作，并按照兩國元首于2013年9月6日圣彼得堡會晤所達(dá)成共識在多邊框架下攜手合作；	Enhancing Cooperation on HFCs: Building on the historic Sunnylands agreement between President Xi and President Obama regarding HFCs, highly potent greenhouse gases, the two sides will enhance bilateral cooperation to begin phasing-down the use of high global warming potential HFCs and work together in a multilateral context as agreed by the two Presidents at their meeting in St. Petersburg on 6 September 2013; ?
——啟動氣候智慧型/低碳城市倡議：為了解決正在發(fā)展的城鎮(zhèn)化和日益增大的城市溫室氣體排放，并認(rèn)識到地方領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人采取重大氣候行動的潛力，中美兩國將在氣候變化工作組下建立一個(gè)關(guān)于氣候智慧型/低碳城市的新倡議。作為第一步，中美兩國將召開一次氣候智慧型/低碳城市峰會，屆時(shí)兩國在此領(lǐng)域領(lǐng)先的城市將分享其最佳實(shí)踐、設(shè)立新的目標(biāo)并展示城市層面在減少碳排放和構(gòu)建適應(yīng)能力方面的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力；	Launching a Climate-Smart/Low-Carbon Cities Initiative: In response to growing urbanization and increasingly significant greenhouse gas emissions from cities and recognizing the potential for local leaders to undertake significant climate action, China and the United States will establish a new initiative on Climate-Smart/Low-Carbon Cities under the CCWG. As a first step, China and the United States will convene a Climate-Smart/ Low-Carbon Cities Summit where leading cities from both countries will share best practices, set new goals and celebrate city-level leadership in reducing carbon emissions and building resilience;
——推進(jìn)綠色產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易：鼓勵在可持續(xù)環(huán)境產(chǎn)品和清潔能源技術(shù)方面的雙邊貿(mào)易，包括由美國能源部長莫尼茲和商務(wù)部長普里茨克率領(lǐng)以智慧低碳城市和智慧低碳增長技術(shù)為主題的貿(mào)易代表團(tuán)于2015年4月訪華；	Promoting Trade in Green Goods: Encouraging bilateral trade in sustainable environmental goods and clean energy technologies, including through a U.S. trade mission led by Secretaries Moniz and Pritzker in April 2015 that will focus on smart low-carbon cities and smart low-carbon growth technologies; and ?
——實(shí)地示范清潔能源：在建筑能效、鍋爐效率、太陽能和智能電網(wǎng)方面開展更多試驗(yàn)活動、可行性研究和其他合作項(xiàng)目。	Demonstrating Clean Energy on the Ground: Additional pilot programs, feasibility studies and other collaborative projects in the areas of building efficiency, boiler efficiency, solar energy and smart grids.