中國釣魚島豈容他人肆意“買賣”（全文）
Diaoyu Islands cannot be bought
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| （三）中外地圖證明釣魚島歷史上屬于中國 | 3) Chinese and foreign maps prove that Diaoyu Islands belong to China since ancient times. |
| 1579年（明萬歷七年）中國冊封使蕭崇業所著《使琉球錄》中的“琉球過海圖”、1863年（清同治二年）的“大清壹統輿圖”等，都明確載有釣魚嶼、黃尾嶼、赤尾嶼。 | The Roadmap to Ryukyu (Liu Qiu Guo Hai Lu) in the Records of the Imperial Title-conferring Envoys to Ryukyu, complied by imperial title-conferring envoy Xiao Chongye in 1579 (the seventh year of the reign of Emperor Wanli in the Ming Dynasty) and the Atlas of the Great Qing Dynasty (Da Qing Yi Tong Yu Tu) compiled in 1863 (the second year of the reign of Emperor Tongzhi of the Qing Dynasty) have all clearly marked and recorded Diaoyu Islet, Huangwei Islet and Chiwei Islet. |
| 日本最早記載釣魚島的當屬日本仙臺學者林子平于1785年所著《三國通覽圖說》的“琉球三省并三十六島之圖”，圖中標繪了釣魚島等島嶼，并將其與中國大陸繪成一色，意指釣魚島為中國一部分。1876年日本陸軍參謀局繪制的《大日本全圖》、1873年日本出版的《琉球新志》所附《琉球諸島全圖》、1875年出版的《府縣改正大日本全圖》、1877年出版的《沖繩志》中有關沖繩的地圖等，均不含釣魚島。 | The book Illustrated Outline of the Three Countries (San Guo Tong Lan Tu Shuo) written by the Sendai scholar Hayashi Shihei in 1785 was the earliest Japanese literature to mention Diaoyu Islands. The Map of the Three Provinces and 36 Islands of Ryukyu (Liu Qiu San Sheng Bing San Shi Liu Islands Zhi Tu) in the book depicted Diaoyu Islands in the same color as the mainland of China, indicating that Diaoyu Islands were part of China. A Map of Great Japan, drawn up in 1876 by Japan's General Staff Office of the Ministry of Army, a Complete Map of the Ryukyu Islands attached to New Annals of Ryukyu published in Japan in 1873, a Map of Great Japan with Rectified Prefectures published in 1875, and a map of Okinawa published in the Annals of Okinawa in 1877 all excluded Diaoyu Islands. |
| 1744年來華的法國人、耶穌會士蔣友仁受清政府委托，于1767年繪制出《坤輿全圖》。該圖在中國沿海部分，用閩南話發音注明了釣魚島。1811年英國出版的《最新中國地圖》明確釣魚島為中國領土。1877年，英國海軍編制的《中國東海沿海自香港至遼東灣海圖》，將釣魚島看作臺灣的附屬島嶼，與日本西南諸島截然區分開。該圖在其后的國際交往中被廣泛應用。 | Michel Beno?t, a French Jesuit who arrived in China in 1744, was commissioned by the Qing court to create the Great Universal Geographic Map (Kun Yu Quan Tu) in 1767, which labeled Diaoyu Islands in the coastal waters of China with the words of Minnan dialect (Ban Lam Gu). A New Map of China from the Latest Authorities, published in Britain in 1811, marked Diaoyu Islands as Chinese territory. A Map of China's East Coast: Hong Kong to Gulf of LiaoTung, compiled by the British Navy in 1877, identified Diaoyu Islands as affiliated to Taiwan and clearly separated them from Japan's Nansei Islands. This map was later widely referred to in international exchanges. |
| 由此可見，中國至遲在十五世紀初就已發現釣魚島，并將其作為臺灣的附屬島嶼進行管轄。包括日本在內的國際社會對這一事實是承認的。這說明釣魚島絕非“無主地”，日方所謂依據“先占”原則取得釣魚島“主權”的說辭純屬欲蓋彌彰的歷史謊言，不值一駁。 | Thus it can be seen that China, by the early 1400s at the latest, had discovered Diaoyu Islands and placed them under its jurisdiction as affiliated to Taiwan. The international community, including Japan, had recognized the fact. This shows that Diaoyu Islands were by no means terra nullius. Japan's claim to "sovereignty" over Diaoyu Islands on the ground of the "occupation" principle is nothing but a historical lie and will only serve to expose its motive. |
| 二、日本竊取中國釣魚島非法無效 | 2. Japan's occupation of Diaoyu Islands is illegal and invalid. |
| （一）日本染指釣魚島始于十九世紀末 | 1) Japan started to encroach on Diaoyu Islands in the late 19th century. |
| 1879年日本吞并琉球后，立即把擴張的觸角伸向中國的釣魚島。1884年日本人古賀辰四郎聲稱首次登上釣魚島，發現該島為“無人島”。1885年9月至11月，日本政府曾三次派人秘密上島調查，認為這些“無人島”與《中山傳信錄》記載的釣魚臺、黃尾嶼、赤尾嶼等應屬同一島嶼，已為清國冊封使船所悉，且各附以名稱，作為琉球航海之目標。 | Immediately after seizing Ryukyu in 1879, Japan began to extend its reach to China's Diaoyu Islands. Tatsushiro Koga, a Japanese explorer, landed on Diaoyu Islands in 1884, claiming that they were terra nullius. Between September and November 1885, the Japanese government secretly dispatched three facts-finding missions to the islands which concluded that, these "terra nullius" islands were, in fact, the same Diaoyu Tai, Huangwei Islet and Chiwei Islet that were recorded in the Records of Messages from Chong-shan and well known to imperial title-conferring envoys of the Qing court on their voyages to Ryukyu. |
| 1885年至1893年，沖繩縣當局先后三次上書日本政府，申請將釣魚島、黃尾嶼、赤尾嶼劃歸沖繩縣管轄并建立國家標樁。當時中國國內對日本的上述舉動作出了反應。1885年9月6日（清光緒十一年七月二十八日）中國《申報》指出：“臺灣東北邊之海島，近有日本人懸日旗于其上，大有占據之勢”。日本政府對此不得不有所顧忌。日本外務大臣井上馨在致內務大臣山縣有朋的信函中認為，“此刻若有公然建立國標等舉措，必遭清國疑忌，故當前宜僅限于實地調查及詳細報告其港灣形狀、有無可待日后開發之土地物產等，而建國標及著手開發等，可待他日見機而作。”因此日本政府當時未批準沖繩縣當局上述申請。這些事實在《日本外交文書》中均有明確記載。這說明，當時日本政府雖然開始覬覦釣魚島，但完全清楚這些島嶼屬于中國，因顧忌中國的反應，不敢輕舉妄動。 | Between 1885 and 1893, the then authorities in Okinawa Prefecture three times submitted a written request to the Japanese government that Diaoyu Islands, Huangwei Islet and Chiwei Islet be put under its jurisdiction and boundary markers erected. China reacted to this. On September 6, 1885 (July 28 in the 11th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty), the Chinese newspaper Shen-pao (Shanghai News) reported: "Recently, Japanese flags have been seen on the islands northeast to Taiwan, revealing Japan's intention to occupy these islands." China's reaction made the Japanese government think twice before taking any further action. The then Japanese Foreign Minister Inoue Kaoru expressed his concern in his letter to Yamagata Aritomo, the Japanese Minister of Internal Affairs, "At present, any open moves such as placing boundary markers are bound to alert the Qing imperial court. Therefore, it is advisable not to go beyond field surveys and detailed reports on the shapes of the bays, land and other resources for future development. In the meantime, we will wait for a better time to engage in such activities as putting up boundary markers and embarking on development on the islands." In light of this, the Japanese government rejected the requests from Okinawa Prefecture. These facts have all been clearly recorded in Japan Diplomatic Documents. All this shows that Japan intended to occupy Diaoyu Islands, knew full well China's sovereignty over the islands, and refrained from acting impetuously only for fear of reaction from China. |
| （二）日本利用甲午戰爭非法竊取釣魚島 | 2) Japan illegally grabbed Diaoyu Islands through the First Sino-Japanese War. |
| 1894年7月，日本發動甲午戰爭。同年11月底，日本軍隊占領中國旅順口，清政府敗局已定。在此背景下，同年12月27日日本內務大臣野村靖致函外務大臣陸奧宗光稱：關于“久場島（即黃尾嶼）、魚釣島（即釣魚島）建立所轄標樁事宜”，“今昔形勢已殊，有望提交內閣會議重議此事如附件，特先與您商議”。1895年1月11日，陸奧宗光回函表示支持。1月14日，日本內閣秘密通過決議，將釣魚島等島嶼劃歸沖繩縣所轄。實際上，當時日本政府既未在釣魚島等島嶼上建立任何國家標樁，也未在日本天皇關于沖繩地理范圍的敕令中載明釣魚島等島嶼。同年4月17日，中國被迫與日本簽訂不平等的《馬關條約》，將臺灣全島及所有附屬各島嶼割讓給日本，包括釣魚島。日本從此時起至1945年戰敗投降，對包括釣魚島在內的臺灣實行了50年殖民統治。 | Japan started the first Sino-Japanese War in July 1894. Towards the end of November 1894, Japanese forces seized the Chinese port of Lüshun (then known as Port Arthur), virtually ensuring the defeat of the Qing court. Against this backdrop, the Japanese Minister of Internal Affairs Yasushi Nomura wrote to Foreign Minister Mutsu Munemitsu on December 27 that "I am writing to discuss with you about setting up boundary markers in Kuba-jima (Huangwei Islet) and Uotsuri-jima (Diaoyu Islands)". "The circumstances have now changed and it is possible to submit this issue to the cabinet for a reconsideration." Mutsu Munemitsu expressed his support for the proposal in his reply to Yasushi Nomura on January 11, 1895. The Japanese government secretly passed a resolution on January 14 to place Diaoyu Islands under the jurisdiction of Okinawa Prefecture. But in fact, at the time, the Japanese government neither erected any boundary markers on Diaoyu Islands, nor did it include in the Japanese Emperor's decree on the geographical scope of Okinawa Prefecture. On April 17 the same year, China was forced to sign the unequal Treaty of Shimonoseki with Japan, under which the entire island of Taiwan, together with all its affiliated islands, including Diaoyu Islands, were ceded to Japan. Thereafter, Japan imposed colonial rule over Taiwan and its affiliated Diaoyu Islands for 50 years from the signing of the unequal treaty until Japan's surrender at the end of World War II. |
| （三）第二次世界大戰后釣魚島回歸中國 | 3) Diaoyu Islands were returned to China after World War II. |
| 1943年12月1日，中、美、英三國發布《開羅宣言》，明確規定：“日本所竊取于中國之領土，例如東北四省、臺灣、澎湖群島等，歸還中華民國。其他日本以武力或貪欲所攫取之土地，亦務將日本驅逐出境”。1945年7月，中、美、英發布《波茨坦公告》（同年8月蘇聯加入），其第八條規定：“《開羅宣言》之條件必將實施，而日本之主權必將限于本州、北海道、九州、四國及吾人所決定之其他小島。”1945年8月15日，日本政府宣布接受《波茨坦公告》，無條件投降。9月2日，日本政府在《日本投降書》第一條及第六條中均宣示“承擔忠誠履行《波茨坦公告》各項規定之義務”。據此，釣魚島作為臺灣的附屬島嶼與臺灣一并歸還中國。 | On December 1, 1943, China, the US and the UK issued the Cairo Declaration, which stated in explicit terms that "all the territories Japan has stolen from the Chinese, such as Manchuria, Formosa (Taiwan) and the Pescadores, shall be restored to the Republic of China. Japan will also be expelled from all other territories which she has taken by violence and greed." In July 1945, China, the US and the UK issued the Potsdam Proclamation (The Soviet Union signed the Proclamation in August that year) which stated in Article 8: "The terms of the Cairo Declaration shall be carried out and Japanese sovereignty shall be limited to the islands of Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, Shikoku and such minor islands as we determine." On August 15, 1945, Japan accepted the Potsdam Proclamation and surrendered unconditionally. On September 2, the Japanese government pledged to faithfully fulfill the obligations enshrined in the provisions of the Potsdam Proclamation in Articles 1 and 6 of the Japanese Instrument of Surrender. These documents all testify to the fact that Taiwan and its affiliated Diaoyu Islands should be simultaneously returned to China. |
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