1. Eat smaller and more frequent meals. Have liquid foods that are easy to swallow and digest 6-7 times a day. A liquid diet can include eggs, soy products, dairy products, fruit or vegetable juice and rice cereals. Increase premium protein intake.
2. Have semi-liquid foods that are easy to chew and digest when the disease is in remission. Gradually transition to a normal diet as the health condition improves.
3. Take enteral nutrition formulas under the guidance of a doctor or clinical nutritionist in case foods fail to meet the nutritional requirements.
4. The gravely ill patients who cannot take in food through mouths can be provided with a nasogastric (NG) tube or a nasojejunal (NJ) tube, with nutrition solutions pumped by gravity drips or enteral feeding pumps.
5. Patients with gastrointestinal dysfunction can use parenteral nutrition to meet basic nutritional requirements when food intake and enteral nutrition are insufficient or impossible.
6. Take into consideration one’s body condition, including intakes and outputs, renal and liver function and glucose and lipid metabolism when developing nutrition care plans.
1. 少量多餐，每日6-7次利于吞咽和消化的流質(zhì)食物，以蛋、大豆及其制品、奶及其制品、果汁、蔬菜汁、米粉等食材為主，注意補(bǔ)充足量?jī)?yōu)質(zhì)蛋白質(zhì)。
2. 病情逐漸緩解過程中，可攝入半流質(zhì)狀態(tài)、易于咀嚼和消化的食物，隨病情好轉(zhuǎn)逐步向普通膳食過渡。
3.如食物未能達(dá)到營(yíng)養(yǎng)需求，可在醫(yī)生或者臨床營(yíng)養(yǎng)師指導(dǎo)下，正確使用腸內(nèi)營(yíng)養(yǎng)制劑。
4. 對(duì)于危重癥型患者無法正常經(jīng)口進(jìn)食，可放置鼻胃管或鼻空腸管，應(yīng)用重力滴注或腸內(nèi)營(yíng)養(yǎng)輸入泵泵入營(yíng)養(yǎng)液。
5. 在食物和腸內(nèi)營(yíng)養(yǎng)不足或者不能的情況下，對(duì)于嚴(yán)重胃腸道功能障礙的患者，需采用腸外營(yíng)養(yǎng)以保持基本營(yíng)養(yǎng)需求。
6. 患者營(yíng)養(yǎng)方案應(yīng)該根據(jù)機(jī)體總體情況、出入量、肝腎功能以及糖脂代謝情況而制定。
