China yesterday pledged to cut greenhouse gas emissions as it
unveiled its first climate change action plan but reiterated that
it would not commit itself to quantified reductions as it is "not
fair" for a developing country.
Ma Kai, minister of the National Development and Reform
Commission (NDRC), told a news briefing that it is "too early, too
abrupt and too blunt" for the international community to impose
emission caps on China, whose historic and per capita emissions are
much lower than developed countries.
According to the World Resource Institute, China's cumulative
emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) from fossil fuel combustion
accounted for only 9.33 percent of the world total from 1950 to
2002, says the 62-page action plan.
International Energy Agency statistics also show that in 2004,
China's per capita CO2 emission from fossil fuel combustion was
3.65 tons, or 87 percent of the world average, it adds.
Ma said the foremost task for China is to "develop the economy
and eradicate poverty", and the international society should
respect its right to development.
"The ramifications of limiting the development of developing
countries would be even more serious than those from climate
change."
But he added that China will share the responsibility of
mitigating the effects of global warming with developed countries,
which are responsible for most of greenhouse gas emissions.
The action plan was unveiled two days before President Hu Jintao
attends a summit of G8 industrialized nations in Germany which will
focus on global warming.
The plan, co-drafted by 16 ministries, is the first of its kind
in developing countries, which are exempt from emission caps till
2012 under the Kyoto Protocol.
It is also a result of China implementing the United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change. The program sets three
major goals to be met by 2010:
Reduce energy consumption per unit of gross domestic product by
20 percent.
Raise the proportion of renewable energy in primary energy
supply up to 10 percent from 7 percent.
Increase the forest coverage rate to 20 percent from 18
percent.
Key measures to help achieve the goals are also specified:
Increase nuclear power use, promote clean coal technology, and
develop biofuel.
The program also calls for international collaboration in
technology transfer and capacity building.
"China is in urgent need of technology for reducing greenhouse
gas emissions," it says.
High-efficiency, low-pollution coal-burning power generation,
large hydropower generation units and new-generation nuclear
technologies are among those in great demand, it says.
Ma said the government hopes developed countries take a more
practical stance to support developing countries in technology
transfer.
"We feel that there's been lots of thunder but little rain, lots
of talk but little action," he said when asked if China was
satisfied with technology transfers.
Kishan Khoday, assistant resident representative of the United
Nations Development Program (UNDP) in China, commended the program
for providing "a key channel" for the Chinese government in
coordinating action to address climate change.
Khoday, also a team leader of the energy and environment
program, added that the UNDP will launch a new project with the
NDRC in August to help provincial governments better implement the
program locally, starting with big cities.
(China Daily June 5, 2007)