Li Ruihuan (1934- ), Chairman of the Eighth and Ninth CPPCC National Committees and secretary of the leading Party group of the Eighth and Ninth CPPCC National Committees, a native of Baodi, Tianjin City, began to work in July 1951. He was a worker of Beijing No. 3 Construction Engineering Company. He created the carpenter's simple calculator and square. From 1958 to 1963, he studied in the speciality of industrial and civil architecture of Beijing Civil Engineering Sparetime Institute. In September 1959 he joined the Communist Party of China (CPC). In the same year he served as leader of the carpenter youth shock team of Beijing No. 3 Construction Engineering Company and was chosen as Beijing Youth Red-Banner Pacesetter. From 1965 to 1966, he served as deputy secretary of the Party committee of Beijing Building Materials Supply Company and secretary of the general Party branch of Beijing Building Timber Factory. From 1966 to 1971 he was persecuted during the "cultural revolution". In 1971 he served as secretary of the Party committee of Beijing Building Timber Factory. In 1972 he served as deputy secretary of the Party committee of Beijing Municipal Building Materials Industry Bureau. After 1973, he served as deputy director of Beijing Municipal Construction Committee and commander of Beijing Municipal Capital Construction Headquarters, deputy director of Beijing Municipal Federation of Trade Unions and executive member of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions. From 1979 to 1981, he served as member of the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Youth League and Vice-Chairman of the All-China Youth Federation. From 1981 to 1982, he served as member of the Standing Committee of Tianjin municipal CPC committee, Vice-Mayor of Tianjin City and member of the Secretariat of the Youth League. From 1982 to 1984, he served as secretary of Tianjin municipal CPC committee and acting Mayor and Mayor of Tianjin City. From 1984 to 1987, he served as deputy secretary of Tianjin municipal CPC committee and Mayor of Tianjin City. From 1987 to 1989, he served as member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, secretary of Tianjin municipal CPC committee and Mayor of Tianjin City. From 1989 to 1992, he served as member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and leader of the Propaganda and Ideological Work Directorate of the CPC Central Committee. From October 1992, he served as member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. From March 1993, he served as Chairman of the CPPCC National Committee and secretary of the leading Party group of the CPPCC National Committee. He was deputy to the Fifth, Sixth and Seventh NPC, member of the Standing Committee of the Fifth NPC and member of the Twelfth, Thirteenth, Fourteenth and Fifteenth CPC Central Committees.