When Premier Zhou Enlai's health worsened in the mid-1970s, Vice-Premier Deng Xiaoping began to preside over state affairs. He initiated rectifications in the military forces, economic work, scientific and technological research and agricultural production by means of adjusting the leadership, strengthening management, establishing necessary regulations and rules and implementing policies on intellectuals.

By September 1975, such rectifications had been expanded into most fields, despite obstructions by Jiang Qing and her cohorts. Though going on for a very short period of time, the "All-round Rectification" effectively reversed the chaotic situation in social life and economic work.

(Courtesy of the Foreign Languages Press)