The houses were oval, rectangular or irregular in shape, and about 10 sq m or even smaller in size. The entrances either faced northwest, east or south.

"Although from our former discoveries we know ancient people were tall, these people lived in very narrow spaces and did not even have beds," Cheng said. "They just covered themselves to take a rest."

It is assumed the hut-like shelters used wooden poles to support roofs made of grass and mud, materials that would not have survived the centuries.

According to Cheng, such huts or temporary shelters are more commonly found in the Yellow River or Yangtze River areas. As the winters in Yanqing are much colder than in the south, the archaeologists are trying to find out how these people stayed warm or whether they moved to warmer locations during the winter. It will take time to answer these questions.

Some ruins show that a river ran nearby.

Cheng said that one of the most important reasons for an ancient tribe to settle in a particular location was that it had a water supply nearby.

A rich variety of items has been unearthed at the site, including animal bones, broken pottery utensils, bronze and iron items, as well as some common stone objects, such as axes, knives, balls and peelers.

All these provide information about how the people of that period lived.

From the shapes and styles of the pottery utensils unearthed, it seems the village was influenced by the agriculture of central China, remains of which have been found in downtown Beijing, and the nomadic culture of the minority tribes on the capital's northern borders.

Historically, Yanqing has been more closely linked to the vast area near the Great Wall than to downtown Beijing.

Wei Jian, history professor at Renmin University of China, said this was why Yanqing was at the frontline of the blending of the two cultures.

As well as being well preserved, the latest discoveries fill a gap in the research into the period, according to Wu Jia'an, an expert from the China Cultural Heritage Institute.

"Although what we found are mostly broken pieces, after putting them together they will certainly help make a more complete picture," Jia said.