Oil prices expected to average US$75 a barrel next year
The collapse in global growth has reversed the surge in commodity prices that characterized the first half of the year, with prices of virtually all commodities falling sharply since July, said the report.
While real food and fuel prices in developing countries have dropped considerably, they remain high relative to the 1990s and the social turmoil and human crises they triggered are still reverberating.
Overall, higher food and fuel prices have cost consumers in developing countries about 680 billion dollars in extra spending in 2008 and pushed an additional 130-155 million people into poverty.
According to the GEP, next year oil prices are expected to average about 75 dollars a barrel and food prices worldwide are expected to decline by 23 percent compared with their average in 2008.
Looking forward to the longer term and despite concerns that recent price spikes might signal future supply shortages, the report finds that supply should more than meet demand over the next 20 years.
"Over the longer term, the supply shortages that contributed to the sharp rise in commodity prices are expected to ease," said Andrew Burns, Lead Author of the report.
"Demand for energy, metals, and food should slow due to weaker population growth and an expected reversal in China's high demand for metals as investment rates there decline," he said.
However, policies will need to support investment in additional supply capacity and encourage greater conservation and efficiency measures to keep commodity supply and demand in balance, said the World Bank.
Although ample food supply is projected globally, food production in countries with fast growing populations, notably in Africa, may not keep pace with demand, warned the World Bank.
To avoid becoming overly dependent on imported food these countries need programs to boost agricultural productivity, such as those that expand rural roads, increase agricultural research and development, and intensify outreach efforts, said the GEP.
Commodity exports can promote growth if right policies in place
The heightened sensitivity of food prices to oil prices that resulted from increased biofuel production from food crops is likely to persist, unless new technologies -- including the development of non-food sources for biofuel production and other energy alternatives -- make food-crop based biofuels uneconomic, according to the World Bank's report.
A key finding from the GEP is that commodity exports can promote growth if the right policies are in place.
The authors find that resource-rich countries have managed the windfall revenues of the recent boom more prudently than in the past, which should allow them to better withstand the decline in prices.
However, countries with new-found resources and those heavily reliant on bank-lending may be at risk.
This is because with lower commodity prices, the profits of many companies are down, while at the same time interest rates are higher -- exposing them to sharply higher costs when loans come due, said the report.
Most consuming countries responded to higher food and fuel prices by expanding existing social safety networks to stave off malnutrition and its long term consequences.
Governments spent as much as 2 percent of GDP ramping up programs, although because of poor targeting, as little as 20 percent of the additional spending reached the poorest, said the GEP.
Thus, the report recommends several measures that could reduce the chance of another food price crisis. These include discouraging export bans, providing more stable funding for food- aid agencies, and improving the coordination and information about global food stocks.
(Xinhua News Agency December 10, 2008)
