China's parliament, the National People's Congress, adopted the
enterprise income tax law Friday morning with 2,826 votes for and
37 against, and 22 abstentions, a key signal of a phase-in end of
superior treatments to foreign investors for two decades.
The 60-article law was ratified by the lawmakers as they
concluded their 11.5-day annual session at the Great Hall of the
People in downtown Beijing.
The voting result, announced by NPC Standing Committee Chairman
Wu Bangguo, was warmly applauded by lawmakers. Four legislators did
not cast their votes. The law is due to take effect on Jan. 1,
2008.
Experts say the law marks an adjustment of China's policies
toward foreign investment in the current times.
The law, which sets unified income tax rate for domestic and
foreign companies at 25 percent, came after years of criticism that
the original dual income tax mechanism is unfair to domestic
enterprises.
Currently, the actual average income tax burden on Chinese
companies is 25 percent, while that on foreign enterprises is 15
percent. Many people think such a policy forces domestic businesses
to face tougher competition since China's accession to the World
Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001.
"It's a basic requirement of the WTO to create a fair
environment for competition, and the new unified income tax will,
in a real sense, grant foreign investment the same treatment as
domestic businesses," said Miao Gengshu, chairman of the China
National Foreign Trade Transportation (Group) Corp.
Apart from increased income tax, foreign companies will also be
wiped from some other tax incentives, including pre-tax reduction
and tax rebate for re-investment, in the future, insiders say.
China is gradually taking back preferential policies toward
overseas-funded businesses, which have been levied the same tax as
their domestic counterparts in the use of urban land from Jan. 1
this year.
Preferential taxation and land policies, which are described as
"policies superior to national treatment", have always been
important attractions to overseas investment since China began the
reform and opening-up in the late 1970s.
"It's necessary to offer certain incentives to foreign investors
during the initial period of the reform and opening-up, when China
was stranded by the lack of capital, foreign exchange and an
unsound market system," said Justin Yifu Lin, a renowned economist
and a member of China's top political advisory body.
Generous tax incentives have fueled foreign capital influx.
China has been one of the world's top destinations for foreign
direct investment, taking in US$53.5 billion in 2003, US$60.6
billion in 2004, and US$60.3 billion in 2006 in terms of the amount
actually used.
But problems have surfaced along with China's rapid economic
development. Dual income tax rates have incurred growing complaints
from domestic enterprises, some of which even disguise themselves
as overseas-funded enterprises to dodge tax, according to the
Ministry of Finance.
Zhang Yansheng, director of the International Economic Research
Institute under the National Development and Reform Commission,
pointed out that China's situations have changed a lot over the
years.
"Capital and foreign exchange no longer bottleneck China's
economic development, and thus decline from the top goal of
attracting foreign investment," Zhang said.
(Xinhua News Agency March 16, 2007)