China will speed up construction of subways and light rail transit
systems in its large cities during the 10th Five-Year Plan period
(2001-05).
"The country will encourage large cities with population of more
than 1 million to build subways,'' said Lan Rong, an official with
the Ministry of Construction.
During the first half of this year, the State Development Planning
Commission approved construction of a 38-kilometer third subway in
Guangzhou, capital of south China's Guangdong Province, and Line 1
of the Tianjin subway, with the plan to increase the northern
city's original 7.4-kilometer subway to more than 26
kilometers.
Last year, the commission approved construction of eight new
subways, including the first phase of the Shenzhen metro project
and the Nanjing subway line, Lan said.
As
many as 20 other cities out of the country's 40 with population of
more than 1 million are considering constructing subways or light
rail systems to ease the increasing pressures on existing
transportation facilities, she said.
Reliable sources said a total of 450 kilometers of urban rail lines
involving an estimated investment of 140 billion yuan (US$16.8
billion) will be built over the next five years.
At
present, only Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Tianjin and Hong Kong
operate subways or light rail systems, with a total length of only
193.4 kilometers.
Experts agree that the development of rail transportation is one of
the fundamental ways for China's 40 large cities to solve their
transportation problems.
"The merits of urban and suburban rail transportation have been
recognized in more than 130 countries and regions around the
world,'' they said. "Subways and light rail are preferred choices
for large cities.''
An
earlier report said railways in Tokyo carry 87 percent of total
passenger flow. The figure in London and New York is about 60
percent.
By
comparison, only 15 percent of passengers in Beijing use its only
rail system, the subway.
However, not all cities can realize their dreams of facilitating
traffic flow through the construction of subways or light transit
systems. Before digging tunnels and building viaducts, they have to
consider whether they can afford the cost.
"The cost of constructing urban rail systems is huge, and it takes
a long time before any profit is made,'' said Li Xiaojiang, deputy
director of the China Academy of Urban Planning and Design.
One kilometer of subway line costs an average of 700 million yuan
(US$84.3 million), Li said.
Aware that imported equipment usually accounts for a considerable
proportion of the expenditure, the state has required that 70
percent of equipment used for new urban railway lines be
domestically made.
It
is estimated that the cost of one kilometer of subway can be
reduced to 450 million yuan (US$54.2 million) from the current 700
million yuan.
Domestic technology and equipment proved to be more than adequate
in the construction of Beijing's subway, the first one in
China.
(China Daily 07/04/2001)