????? ???????? ??????????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? 22 ???? 1971. ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????¨ہ ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ?????. ?? ???? ???? ?????? 1990? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ? ????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????. ??? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????.

???????? ????????? ??????:

????? ??????: ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? (1989)? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??? (1991)? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??? (1989) ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? (1993)? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??? (1995)? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?? (1976) ????? ???? ????? (1993) ??? ??? ???? (1995)? ???? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? (1993)? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ????? (1984)? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ??? (1990)? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ????? (?????? 2000).

????? ???????: ??? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? (1965? 1990? 1991)? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ??????(1995)? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ???? ???????????? (1977? 1988? ????? ?? 1990)? ???? ???????? ??????? (1993)? ???? ?????? ???? (1995)? ???? ?????? ???? (1999).

???? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????. ???? ????? ???????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? " ????? ??????? " ??? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????. // ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? 25 ??????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? 22 ????. // ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??????????. ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ????????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????????. // ???? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??? 1991 ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?????. // ??? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ????????. // ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??? 1999 ???? ????? 178 ????? ????? ?????? ???? 94 ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?83 ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ??????. // ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????.