????? ???????? ??????????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? 4 ?????? 1959. ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????. ?? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??????¨ہ ????? "????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????". ?? ?????? 1995? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????¨ہ ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ?????. ?? ??? 1997? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????.

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????? ??????: ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?? (1964)? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?? (1978? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ??? (1984)? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? (1987)? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ??? (1994)? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ??? (1995)? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? (1999).

????? ????????: ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? (1964)? ?????? ???? ????? (1970? 1977? 1984)? ???? ???????? ???? (1984)? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? (1987)? ???? ???????? ????? (1993)? ???? ???????? ??? ???? (1994)? ?????? ??? ?????? (1995)? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ?? (1996)? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? (1997)? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? (1998)? ???? ???????? ????? (1999).

??? ???? ???? ????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? . // ??? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? 8 ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? 0 // ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ????? . // ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? 0 // ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ???????????? ??? ????? ? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? .