???? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ??? 1949? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ???????.

(1) ?????? ??????? ???? ???????????

????? ????? ?? ??? ????? 1948? ??? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ???????????. ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????????? ?????? ??????.

??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? 1988 ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??: ??? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????????¨ہ ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????.

???? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????: ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ????????? ???? ????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????.

??? ??? ??????? 53000 ??? ????? ??? 1997.

????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??.

(2) ??????? ??????????? ???????

????? ?? ?????? ??? 1939? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? 1944? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ????????? ????????????.

???? "????? ??????? ??????????? ???????" ???? ???? ??? 1997 ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ??????????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????????¨ہ ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????¨ہ ?????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ???????.

????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? 131300?? ????? ??? 1997.

?????? ?????? ???? ?? ???.

(3) ??????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ?????

????? ?? 16 ?????? ??? 1945. ???? ?????? ????????: ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????¨ہ ?????? ??? ??? ??????????? ???????????.

???? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????¨ہ ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??????. ???? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ??????.

??? ??? ??????? 69453 ?? ????? ????? ??? 1997.

?????? ?????? ???? ?? ??.

(4) ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????????

????? ??? 30 ?????? 1945? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ?????¨ہ ????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??????¨ہ ????? ?????? ????????.

???? "????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????????" ???? ???? ??? 1988 ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????????? ?????????¨ہ ????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??? ????? ????? ??????¨ہ ????? ??? ??????? ?????????¨ہ ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????????.

???? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ????????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? 65000 ?? ??? 1997.

?????? ?????? ???? ??? ??.

(5) ????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ???????

???? ?? ????? ??? 1930. ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????.

??? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ?????? ???.

???? ???? ????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????????.

??? ??? ?????? 65000 ?? ??? 1997.

????? ?????? ????? ???? ???.

(6) ??? "??? ???? ????" ???????

???? ?? ?????? ??? 1925 ?? ??? ????????? ????????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????????? ????????? ????????.

??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ???????????.

??? ??? ?????? 15461 ?? ????? ????? ??? 1997.

????? ?????? ??? ??? ????.

(7) ????? ??? ???

????? ?? ???? ??? 1946? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????¨ہ ????? ??????? ???????????.

??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ???:???? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????.

??? ??? ??????? 68440 ?? ????? ????? ??? 1997.

?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????.

(8) ????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??????

????? ?? 12 ?????? ??? 1947 ?? ???? ????. ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ????????. ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? 1949.

??????? ??????? ??????:??? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ????????? ????? ????????? ?????????¨ہ ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ???? "???? ????? ???????" ?????? ????? ?????.

???? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ?????????. ??? ????? 1441 ?? ?????? ??? 1994.

?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???.