??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ?????. ??? ??? 960? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? (960 - 1279?). ??????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ????????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????. ??? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ???????????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???????.

??? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? 1206? ??? ??? 1271? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? (1271 - 1368?)? ?????? ???? (???? ?????) ????? ???. ????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????. ?? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????? "?????????? ???????" ????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????.

??? ??? 1368? ??? ??? ???? ????? (?????????? ??? ???) ???? ???? (1368 - 1644?) ?? ???????. ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????? (1360- 1424?)? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ??? 1421 ?????. ??? ???? 1405 - 1433?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? (???????) ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ????????.

??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??? (????????) ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? (1644 - 1911?) ?? ??? 1644? ?????? ???? ????? ???. ???? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? (???? ???? ?? 1661 – 1722?). ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ????????. ??? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ???????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????. ???? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? 11 ????? ?? ????.